Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>
Carrageenan, the foremost constituent of extracellular matrix of some rhodophyta, is a galactan backbone with a different number of sulphate groups attached. Variations of degree of sulphation are associated with different types of carrageenans, which vary according to seaweed life cycles, and have...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/9/432 |
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| author | Pilar Garcia-Jimenez Sara R. Mantesa Rafael R. Robaina |
| author_facet | Pilar Garcia-Jimenez Sara R. Mantesa Rafael R. Robaina |
| author_sort | Pilar Garcia-Jimenez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carrageenan, the foremost constituent of extracellular matrix of some rhodophyta, is a galactan backbone with a different number of sulphate groups attached. Variations of degree of sulphation are associated with different types of carrageenans, which vary according to seaweed life cycles, and have consequences for the exploitation of this raw material. In this work, we used three well-recognised stages of development thalli and two stages of cystocarp maturation to analyse genes that encode addition and elimination of sulphate groups to cell-wall galactan of the red seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>. Expressions of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> and <i>galactose-6 sulfurylase</i> and genes encoding stress proteins such as cytochrome P450 and WD40, were examined. Results showed that transcript expression of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> occurs at all stage of thalli development. Meanwhile <i>galactose-6 sulfurylase</i> expressions displayed different roles, which could be related to a temporal regulation of cystocarp maturation. <i>Cytochrome P450</i> and <i>WD40</i> are related to the disclosure and maturation of cystocarps of <i>G. imbricata</i>. Our conclusion is that differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the sulphation and desulphation of galactan backbone is associated with alterations in thalli development and cystocarp maturation in the red seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>. Exploitation of industry-valued carrageenan will depend on insight into gene mechanisms of red seaweeds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:12:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-249ed568550f4273a09893e33aa53cf3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:12:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-249ed568550f4273a09893e33aa53cf32023-11-20T10:35:47ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-08-0118943210.3390/md18090432Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>Pilar Garcia-Jimenez0Sara R. Mantesa1Rafael R. Robaina2Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, E-35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainCarrageenan, the foremost constituent of extracellular matrix of some rhodophyta, is a galactan backbone with a different number of sulphate groups attached. Variations of degree of sulphation are associated with different types of carrageenans, which vary according to seaweed life cycles, and have consequences for the exploitation of this raw material. In this work, we used three well-recognised stages of development thalli and two stages of cystocarp maturation to analyse genes that encode addition and elimination of sulphate groups to cell-wall galactan of the red seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>. Expressions of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> and <i>galactose-6 sulfurylase</i> and genes encoding stress proteins such as cytochrome P450 and WD40, were examined. Results showed that transcript expression of <i>carbohydrate sulfotransferase</i> occurs at all stage of thalli development. Meanwhile <i>galactose-6 sulfurylase</i> expressions displayed different roles, which could be related to a temporal regulation of cystocarp maturation. <i>Cytochrome P450</i> and <i>WD40</i> are related to the disclosure and maturation of cystocarps of <i>G. imbricata</i>. Our conclusion is that differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the sulphation and desulphation of galactan backbone is associated with alterations in thalli development and cystocarp maturation in the red seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i>. Exploitation of industry-valued carrageenan will depend on insight into gene mechanisms of red seaweeds.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/9/432carbohydrate sulfotransferasecarrageenancytochrome P450galactose-6 sulfurylasered algareproduction stages |
| spellingShingle | Pilar Garcia-Jimenez Sara R. Mantesa Rafael R. Robaina Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> Marine Drugs carbohydrate sulfotransferase carrageenan cytochrome P450 galactose-6 sulfurylase red alga reproduction stages |
| title | Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_full | Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_fullStr | Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_short | Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed <i>Grateloupia imbricata</i> |
| title_sort | expression of genes related to carrageenan synthesis during carposporogenesis of the red seaweed i grateloupia imbricata i |
| topic | carbohydrate sulfotransferase carrageenan cytochrome P450 galactose-6 sulfurylase red alga reproduction stages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/9/432 |
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