Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs
Abstract Background The speed with which acaricides paralyze and kill ticks is relevant to impeding pathogen transmission. The objective of this study was to assess early-onset lotilaner effects on the motility and weights of Amblyomma americanum ticks collected from treated dogs. Methods Twelve hea...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04817-z |
| _version_ | 1818670406753583104 |
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| author | Martha J. Wenger Todd M. Kollasch Madeline C. Burke Livvy Jones Casey Locklear Makaela Hedberg Lauren Miller Sydnie Reeves Debra Ritchie Anthony J. Rumschlag William G. Ryan Vicki Smith Cameron Sutherland Kathryn E. Reif Brian H. Herrin |
| author_facet | Martha J. Wenger Todd M. Kollasch Madeline C. Burke Livvy Jones Casey Locklear Makaela Hedberg Lauren Miller Sydnie Reeves Debra Ritchie Anthony J. Rumschlag William G. Ryan Vicki Smith Cameron Sutherland Kathryn E. Reif Brian H. Herrin |
| author_sort | Martha J. Wenger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The speed with which acaricides paralyze and kill ticks is relevant to impeding pathogen transmission. The objective of this study was to assess early-onset lotilaner effects on the motility and weights of Amblyomma americanum ticks collected from treated dogs. Methods Twelve healthy dogs were randomized between two groups to receive either lotilaner (Credelio®) on Day 0 or to be sham treated. On Day 7, 25 male and 25 female A. americanum were placed under bandages, two on each flank of each dog. After 30 or 45 min, all unattached ticks were removed and T = 0 was set. At T = 2, 4, 8 and 24 h post attachment, 5 attached ticks removed from each bandage on each dog were weighed, assessed by blinded observers for righting ability and movement recorded. Results After the infestation period significantly fewer treated than control dogs had 20 ticks attached (50.0% versus 91.7%, P = 0.0015). At 24 h post attachment, mean weights of ticks from treated dogs (males 1.69 mg; females 2.72) were significantly less than ticks from controls (males 2.66 mg; females 4.67) (P male = 0.0002; P female < 0.0001). Mean tick weights from the treated group were significantly lower at 24 h than at earlier time points (P male < 0.0307; P female = 0.0021). At 4 and 8 h, significantly fewer ticks from treated (14.3%, 0.0%, respectively) than from control dogs could right (73.3%, 70.0%) (P 4h < 0.0001; P 8h = 0.0024) (at 24 h, all ticks from treated dogs were dead), and distance moved was significantly less at all time points (P 2h = 0.0413; P 4h, P 8h < 0.0001). Mean and maximum velocity of ticks from treated dogs were significantly lower, relative to controls, at 4 and 8 h (P ≤ 0.0001). Within the treated group, collected ticks had significantly lower mean and maximum velocities at 4 and 8 h compared to 2 h (P mean < 0.0042; P max < 0.0194). Conclusion The observed changes indicate that lotilaner may disrupt tick attachment. In ticks that attached, a progressive impairment of neuromuscular processes began within 2 h. Those irreversible changes could substantially reduce the risk of pathogen transmission from tick to host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T07:07:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-24adcc2efc114b8fb6659a05987d09d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T07:07:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-24adcc2efc114b8fb6659a05987d09d92022-12-21T21:59:07ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052021-06-0114111010.1186/s13071-021-04817-zEarly onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogsMartha J. Wenger0Todd M. Kollasch1Madeline C. Burke2Livvy Jones3Casey Locklear4Makaela Hedberg5Lauren Miller6Sydnie Reeves7Debra Ritchie8Anthony J. Rumschlag9William G. Ryan10Vicki Smith11Cameron Sutherland12Kathryn E. Reif13Brian H. Herrin14Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityElanco Animal Health IncDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityEllen JonesElanco Animal Health IncDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityElanco Animal Health IncRyan Mitchell Associates LLCDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityAbstract Background The speed with which acaricides paralyze and kill ticks is relevant to impeding pathogen transmission. The objective of this study was to assess early-onset lotilaner effects on the motility and weights of Amblyomma americanum ticks collected from treated dogs. Methods Twelve healthy dogs were randomized between two groups to receive either lotilaner (Credelio®) on Day 0 or to be sham treated. On Day 7, 25 male and 25 female A. americanum were placed under bandages, two on each flank of each dog. After 30 or 45 min, all unattached ticks were removed and T = 0 was set. At T = 2, 4, 8 and 24 h post attachment, 5 attached ticks removed from each bandage on each dog were weighed, assessed by blinded observers for righting ability and movement recorded. Results After the infestation period significantly fewer treated than control dogs had 20 ticks attached (50.0% versus 91.7%, P = 0.0015). At 24 h post attachment, mean weights of ticks from treated dogs (males 1.69 mg; females 2.72) were significantly less than ticks from controls (males 2.66 mg; females 4.67) (P male = 0.0002; P female < 0.0001). Mean tick weights from the treated group were significantly lower at 24 h than at earlier time points (P male < 0.0307; P female = 0.0021). At 4 and 8 h, significantly fewer ticks from treated (14.3%, 0.0%, respectively) than from control dogs could right (73.3%, 70.0%) (P 4h < 0.0001; P 8h = 0.0024) (at 24 h, all ticks from treated dogs were dead), and distance moved was significantly less at all time points (P 2h = 0.0413; P 4h, P 8h < 0.0001). Mean and maximum velocity of ticks from treated dogs were significantly lower, relative to controls, at 4 and 8 h (P ≤ 0.0001). Within the treated group, collected ticks had significantly lower mean and maximum velocities at 4 and 8 h compared to 2 h (P mean < 0.0042; P max < 0.0194). Conclusion The observed changes indicate that lotilaner may disrupt tick attachment. In ticks that attached, a progressive impairment of neuromuscular processes began within 2 h. Those irreversible changes could substantially reduce the risk of pathogen transmission from tick to host.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04817-zAcaricideAmblyomma americanumCanineCredelioEthoVision XTIsoxazoline |
| spellingShingle | Martha J. Wenger Todd M. Kollasch Madeline C. Burke Livvy Jones Casey Locklear Makaela Hedberg Lauren Miller Sydnie Reeves Debra Ritchie Anthony J. Rumschlag William G. Ryan Vicki Smith Cameron Sutherland Kathryn E. Reif Brian H. Herrin Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs Parasites & Vectors Acaricide Amblyomma americanum Canine Credelio EthoVision XT Isoxazoline |
| title | Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs |
| title_full | Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs |
| title_fullStr | Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs |
| title_short | Early onset of pre-lethal effects of lotilaner (Credelio®) on Amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs |
| title_sort | early onset of pre lethal effects of lotilaner credelio r on amblyomma americanum ticks on experimentally infested dogs |
| topic | Acaricide Amblyomma americanum Canine Credelio EthoVision XT Isoxazoline |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04817-z |
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