Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome
Optimization of antimicrobial treatment during a bacterial infection in livestock requires in-depth knowledge of the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the pathogen and commensal microbiota. Once administered antimicrobials and/or their metabolites are excreted either by the kidneys through urine an...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/342 |
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| author | Sofie Rutjens Nick Vereecke Ward De Spiegelaere Siska Croubels Mathias Devreese |
| author_facet | Sofie Rutjens Nick Vereecke Ward De Spiegelaere Siska Croubels Mathias Devreese |
| author_sort | Sofie Rutjens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optimization of antimicrobial treatment during a bacterial infection in livestock requires in-depth knowledge of the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the pathogen and commensal microbiota. Once administered antimicrobials and/or their metabolites are excreted either by the kidneys through urine and/or by the intestinal tract through feces, causing antimicrobial pressure and possibly the emergence of resistance in the gastro-intestinal tract. So far, the excretion of ceftiofur and cefquinome in the intestinal tract of pigs has not been described. The objective of this study was to investigate the excretion of ceftiofur and cefquinome in the different segments of the gut and feces after intramuscular administration. Therefore, 16 pigs were treated either with ceftiofur (<i>n</i> = 8) or cefquinome (<i>n</i> = 8), and feces were collected during the entire treatment period. The presence of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofuracetamide or cefquinome were quantified via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. At the end of the treatment, pigs were euthanized, and samples from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were analyzed. In feces, no active antimicrobial residues could be measured, except for one ceftiofur-treated pig. In the gut segments, the concentration of both antimicrobials increased from duodenum toward the ileum, with a maximum in the ileum (187.8 ± 101.7 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> ceftiofur-related residues, 57.8 ± 37.5 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> cefquinome) and sharply decreased in the cecum (below the limit of quantification for ceftiofur-related residues, 6.4 ± 4.2 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> cefquinome). Additionally, long-read Nanopore sequencing and targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed in an attempt to clarify the discrepancy in fecal excretion of ceftiofur-related residues between pigs. In general, there was an increase in <i>Prevotella, Bacteroides</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and a decrease in <i>Escherichia</i> and <i>Clostridium</i> after ceftiofur administration (<i>q</i>-value < 0.05). The sequencing and qPCR could not provide an explanation for the unexpected excretion of ceftiofur-related residues in one pig out of eight. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the gut excretion of parenteral administered ceftiofur and cefquinome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:12:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-24f6b508962e448b8942f181140da245 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:12:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-24f6b508962e448b8942f181140da2452023-11-24T00:10:58ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-03-0111334210.3390/antibiotics11030342Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and ResistomeSofie Rutjens0Nick Vereecke1Ward De Spiegelaere2Siska Croubels3Mathias Devreese4Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumPathoSense BV, 2500 Lier, BelgiumDepartment of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumOptimization of antimicrobial treatment during a bacterial infection in livestock requires in-depth knowledge of the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the pathogen and commensal microbiota. Once administered antimicrobials and/or their metabolites are excreted either by the kidneys through urine and/or by the intestinal tract through feces, causing antimicrobial pressure and possibly the emergence of resistance in the gastro-intestinal tract. So far, the excretion of ceftiofur and cefquinome in the intestinal tract of pigs has not been described. The objective of this study was to investigate the excretion of ceftiofur and cefquinome in the different segments of the gut and feces after intramuscular administration. Therefore, 16 pigs were treated either with ceftiofur (<i>n</i> = 8) or cefquinome (<i>n</i> = 8), and feces were collected during the entire treatment period. The presence of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofuracetamide or cefquinome were quantified via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. At the end of the treatment, pigs were euthanized, and samples from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were analyzed. In feces, no active antimicrobial residues could be measured, except for one ceftiofur-treated pig. In the gut segments, the concentration of both antimicrobials increased from duodenum toward the ileum, with a maximum in the ileum (187.8 ± 101.7 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> ceftiofur-related residues, 57.8 ± 37.5 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> cefquinome) and sharply decreased in the cecum (below the limit of quantification for ceftiofur-related residues, 6.4 ± 4.2 ng·g<sup>−1</sup> cefquinome). Additionally, long-read Nanopore sequencing and targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed in an attempt to clarify the discrepancy in fecal excretion of ceftiofur-related residues between pigs. In general, there was an increase in <i>Prevotella, Bacteroides</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and a decrease in <i>Escherichia</i> and <i>Clostridium</i> after ceftiofur administration (<i>q</i>-value < 0.05). The sequencing and qPCR could not provide an explanation for the unexpected excretion of ceftiofur-related residues in one pig out of eight. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the gut excretion of parenteral administered ceftiofur and cefquinome.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/342intramuscular administrationcephalosporinsUHPLC-MS/MSgut and fecal excretionswinefecal microbiome |
| spellingShingle | Sofie Rutjens Nick Vereecke Ward De Spiegelaere Siska Croubels Mathias Devreese Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome Antibiotics intramuscular administration cephalosporins UHPLC-MS/MS gut and fecal excretion swine fecal microbiome |
| title | Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome |
| title_full | Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome |
| title_fullStr | Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome |
| title_short | Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome |
| title_sort | intestinal exposure to ceftiofur and cefquinome after intramuscular treatment and the impact of ceftiofur on the pig fecal microbiome and resistome |
| topic | intramuscular administration cephalosporins UHPLC-MS/MS gut and fecal excretion swine fecal microbiome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/342 |
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