Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
OBJECTIVE: Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier España
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Clinics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322012000600015 |
| _version_ | 1828464203009097728 |
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| author | Paulo Afonso de André Mariana Matera Veras Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva |
| author_facet | Paulo Afonso de André Mariana Matera Veras Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva |
| author_sort | Paulo Afonso de André |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVE: Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50 ppm of sulfur) was postponed until 2012 without a comprehensive analysis of the effect of this delay on public health parameters. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy on health indicators and monetary health costs in Brazil. METHODS: The primary estimator of exposure to air pollution was the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter (particles with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm, [PM2.5]). This parameter was measured daily in six Brazilian metropolitan areas during 2007-2008. We calculated 1) the projected reduction in the PM2.5 that would have been achieved if the Euro IV standards had been implemented in 2009 and 2) the expected reduction after implementation in 2012. The difference between these two time curves was transformed into health outcomes using previous dose-response curves. The economic valuation was performed based on the DALY (disability-adjusted life years) method. RESULTS: The delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy will result in an estimated excess of 13,984 deaths up to 2040. Health expenditures are projected to be increased by nearly US$ 11.5 billion for the same period. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that a significant health burden will occur because of the postponement in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy. These results also reinforce the concept that health effects must be considered when revising fuel and emission policies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T03:09:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2501d19e21d849239b23ac9995775333 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1807-5932 1980-5322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T03:09:32Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier España |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinics |
| spelling | doaj.art-2501d19e21d849239b23ac99957753332022-12-22T01:22:54ZengElsevier EspañaClinics1807-59321980-53222012-01-0167663964610.6061/clinics/2012(06)15Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regionsPaulo Afonso de AndréMariana Matera VerasSimone Georges El Khouri MiragliaPaulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaOBJECTIVE: Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50 ppm of sulfur) was postponed until 2012 without a comprehensive analysis of the effect of this delay on public health parameters. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy on health indicators and monetary health costs in Brazil. METHODS: The primary estimator of exposure to air pollution was the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter (particles with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm, [PM2.5]). This parameter was measured daily in six Brazilian metropolitan areas during 2007-2008. We calculated 1) the projected reduction in the PM2.5 that would have been achieved if the Euro IV standards had been implemented in 2009 and 2) the expected reduction after implementation in 2012. The difference between these two time curves was transformed into health outcomes using previous dose-response curves. The economic valuation was performed based on the DALY (disability-adjusted life years) method. RESULTS: The delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy will result in an estimated excess of 13,984 deaths up to 2040. Health expenditures are projected to be increased by nearly US$ 11.5 billion for the same period. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that a significant health burden will occur because of the postponement in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy. These results also reinforce the concept that health effects must be considered when revising fuel and emission policies.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322012000600015Vehicular emissionHealth costsEnvironmental policies |
| spellingShingle | Paulo Afonso de André Mariana Matera Veras Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions Clinics Vehicular emission Health costs Environmental policies |
| title | Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions |
| title_full | Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions |
| title_fullStr | Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions |
| title_short | Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions |
| title_sort | lean diesel technology and human health a case study in six brazilian metropolitan regions |
| topic | Vehicular emission Health costs Environmental policies |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1807-59322012000600015 |
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