Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law
The European Union (EU) regulates the control of cattle diseases listed in categories A and B of the European Animal Health Law (AHL). However, no strict mandatory EU regulation exists for the control of other cattle diseases that are listed in categories C, D and E. Slovenia has five control progra...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.674515/full |
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| author | Jaka Jakob Hodnik Tanja Knific Jože Starič Ivan Toplak Matjaž Ocepek Peter Hostnik Jožica Ježek |
| author_facet | Jaka Jakob Hodnik Tanja Knific Jože Starič Ivan Toplak Matjaž Ocepek Peter Hostnik Jožica Ježek |
| author_sort | Jaka Jakob Hodnik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The European Union (EU) regulates the control of cattle diseases listed in categories A and B of the European Animal Health Law (AHL). However, no strict mandatory EU regulation exists for the control of other cattle diseases that are listed in categories C, D and E. Slovenia has five control programmes (CPs) for the latter cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bluetongue and anthrax. Two (IBR and BVD) are voluntary and the others (EBL, anthrax and bluetongue) are compulsory. The three compulsory CPs are funded by the government. All the CPs are run by the government and laboratory tests are performed by the National Veterinary Institute. The rules for the CPs are laid down in Slovenian legislation. In addition, there is a national directive for the control of salmonellosis. Both BVD and IBR are endemic and have CPs based on increased biosecurity, testing and culling or vaccination, financed by the animal owners. Slovenia has been officially free of EBL since 2005 and carries out surveillance based on serological testing of a representative number of herds and inspection of carcasses at slaughter or necropsy. Vaccination is the main disease control measure for anthrax (sporadic) and bluetongue (currently perceived free—vaccination since 2017). Lack of motivation of farmers to participate in voluntary disease CPs and to implement and follow strict biosecurity measures are the most pressing issues in improving the health status of Slovenian cattle. An overview of the existing CPs and the circumstances leading to their implementation are presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:10:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2506bdc2660d43878bde539ed9cb0af2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:10:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-2506bdc2660d43878bde539ed9cb0af22022-12-22T04:12:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-07-01810.3389/fvets.2021.674515674515Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health LawJaka Jakob Hodnik0Tanja Knific1Jože Starič2Ivan Toplak3Matjaž Ocepek4Peter Hostnik5Jožica Ježek6Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals—Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaClinic for Reproduction and Large Animals—Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaNational Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaClinic for Reproduction and Large Animals—Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaThe European Union (EU) regulates the control of cattle diseases listed in categories A and B of the European Animal Health Law (AHL). However, no strict mandatory EU regulation exists for the control of other cattle diseases that are listed in categories C, D and E. Slovenia has five control programmes (CPs) for the latter cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bluetongue and anthrax. Two (IBR and BVD) are voluntary and the others (EBL, anthrax and bluetongue) are compulsory. The three compulsory CPs are funded by the government. All the CPs are run by the government and laboratory tests are performed by the National Veterinary Institute. The rules for the CPs are laid down in Slovenian legislation. In addition, there is a national directive for the control of salmonellosis. Both BVD and IBR are endemic and have CPs based on increased biosecurity, testing and culling or vaccination, financed by the animal owners. Slovenia has been officially free of EBL since 2005 and carries out surveillance based on serological testing of a representative number of herds and inspection of carcasses at slaughter or necropsy. Vaccination is the main disease control measure for anthrax (sporadic) and bluetongue (currently perceived free—vaccination since 2017). Lack of motivation of farmers to participate in voluntary disease CPs and to implement and follow strict biosecurity measures are the most pressing issues in improving the health status of Slovenian cattle. An overview of the existing CPs and the circumstances leading to their implementation are presented.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.674515/fullbovinedisease controllegislationcattle tradedisease surveillanceinfectious diseases |
| spellingShingle | Jaka Jakob Hodnik Tanja Knific Jože Starič Ivan Toplak Matjaž Ocepek Peter Hostnik Jožica Ježek Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law Frontiers in Veterinary Science bovine disease control legislation cattle trade disease surveillance infectious diseases |
| title | Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law |
| title_full | Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law |
| title_fullStr | Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law |
| title_short | Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Selected Cattle Diseases, Listed Under Category C, D or E of the European Animal Health Law |
| title_sort | overview of slovenian control programmes for selected cattle diseases listed under category c d or e of the european animal health law |
| topic | bovine disease control legislation cattle trade disease surveillance infectious diseases |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.674515/full |
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