Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution
Abstract The disease burden associated with air pollution continues to grow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates ≈7 million people worldwide die yearly from exposure to polluted air, half of which—3.3 million—are attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), greater than from major modifia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014944 |
| _version_ | 1828315662400880640 |
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| author | Juyong Brian Kim Mary Prunicki Francois Haddad Christopher Dant Vanitha Sampath Rushali Patel Eric Smith Cezmi Akdis John Balmes Michael P. Snyder Joseph C. Wu Kari C. Nadeau |
| author_facet | Juyong Brian Kim Mary Prunicki Francois Haddad Christopher Dant Vanitha Sampath Rushali Patel Eric Smith Cezmi Akdis John Balmes Michael P. Snyder Joseph C. Wu Kari C. Nadeau |
| author_sort | Juyong Brian Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The disease burden associated with air pollution continues to grow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates ≈7 million people worldwide die yearly from exposure to polluted air, half of which—3.3 million—are attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), greater than from major modifiable CVD risks including smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. This serious and growing health threat is attributed to increasing urbanization of the world's populations with consequent exposure to polluted air. Especially vulnerable are the elderly, patients with pre‐existing CVD, and children. The cumulative lifetime burden in children is particularly of concern because their rapidly developing cardiopulmonary systems are more susceptible to damage and they spend more time outdoors and therefore inhale more pollutants. World Health Organization estimates that 93% of the world's children aged <15 years—1.8 billion children—breathe air that puts their health and development at risk. Here, we present growing scientific evidence, including from our own group, that chronic exposure to air pollution early in life is directly linked to development of major CVD risks, including obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we surveyed the literature for current knowledge of how pollution exposure early in life adversely impacts cardiovascular phenotypes, and lay the foundation for early intervention and other strategies that can help prevent this damage. We also discuss the need for better guidelines and additional research to validate exposure metrics and interventions that will ultimately help healthcare providers reduce the growing burden of CVD from pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:03:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-250eab15340e4d0fa40e9f12d55dd7ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:03:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-250eab15340e4d0fa40e9f12d55dd7ee2022-12-22T02:38:35ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802020-03-019610.1161/JAHA.119.014944Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air PollutionJuyong Brian Kim0Mary Prunicki1Francois Haddad2Christopher Dant3Vanitha Sampath4Rushali Patel5Eric Smith6Cezmi Akdis7John Balmes8Michael P. Snyder9Joseph C. Wu10Kari C. Nadeau11Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CASean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CADivision of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CASean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CASean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CASean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CASean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CASwiss Institute for Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos SwitzerlandDepartment of Medicine University of California San Francisco and Division of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University of California Berkeley CADepartment of Genetics and Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Stanford University Stanford CAStanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CASean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CAAbstract The disease burden associated with air pollution continues to grow. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates ≈7 million people worldwide die yearly from exposure to polluted air, half of which—3.3 million—are attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), greater than from major modifiable CVD risks including smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. This serious and growing health threat is attributed to increasing urbanization of the world's populations with consequent exposure to polluted air. Especially vulnerable are the elderly, patients with pre‐existing CVD, and children. The cumulative lifetime burden in children is particularly of concern because their rapidly developing cardiopulmonary systems are more susceptible to damage and they spend more time outdoors and therefore inhale more pollutants. World Health Organization estimates that 93% of the world's children aged <15 years—1.8 billion children—breathe air that puts their health and development at risk. Here, we present growing scientific evidence, including from our own group, that chronic exposure to air pollution early in life is directly linked to development of major CVD risks, including obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we surveyed the literature for current knowledge of how pollution exposure early in life adversely impacts cardiovascular phenotypes, and lay the foundation for early intervention and other strategies that can help prevent this damage. We also discuss the need for better guidelines and additional research to validate exposure metrics and interventions that will ultimately help healthcare providers reduce the growing burden of CVD from pollution.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014944air pollutants, environmentalcardiovascular abnormalitiescardiovascular diseaseepithelial barrier |
| spellingShingle | Juyong Brian Kim Mary Prunicki Francois Haddad Christopher Dant Vanitha Sampath Rushali Patel Eric Smith Cezmi Akdis John Balmes Michael P. Snyder Joseph C. Wu Kari C. Nadeau Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease air pollutants, environmental cardiovascular abnormalities cardiovascular disease epithelial barrier |
| title | Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution |
| title_full | Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution |
| title_fullStr | Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution |
| title_short | Cumulative Lifetime Burden of Cardiovascular Disease From Early Exposure to Air Pollution |
| title_sort | cumulative lifetime burden of cardiovascular disease from early exposure to air pollution |
| topic | air pollutants, environmental cardiovascular abnormalities cardiovascular disease epithelial barrier |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014944 |
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