The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Abstract Background Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects of fixed appliances on microbial changes were reported. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the mic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-017-0378-1 |
| _version_ | 1818507561319530496 |
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| author | Runzhi Guo Yifan Lin Yunfei Zheng Weiran Li |
| author_facet | Runzhi Guo Yifan Lin Yunfei Zheng Weiran Li |
| author_sort | Runzhi Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects of fixed appliances on microbial changes were reported. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched up to November 20, 2016. Longitudinal studies observing microbial changes in subgingival plaques at different time points of orthodontic treatment are included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). The studies that reported the frequency of subgingival periodontopathogens were used for quantitative analysis. Other studies were analysed qualitatively to describe the microbial changes during orthodontic treatment. Results Thirteen studies were selected, including two controlled clinical trials, three cohort studies and eight self-controlled studies. Four periodontopathogens, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf), were analysed. Following orthodontic appliance placement, the frequencies of Pg and Aa showed no significant change (P = 0.97 and P = 0.77), whereas the frequency of Tf significantly increased (P < 0.01) during short-term observation (0–3 months). The frequency of Pi showed a tooth-specific difference, as it presented no significant difference (P = 0.25) at the site of the first molar but was significantly increased (P = 0.01) at the incisor. During long-term observation (> = 6 months), two studies reported that the levels of subgingival periodontopathogens exhibited a transient increase but decreased to the pretreatment levels afterwards. After removal of the orthodontic appliance, the four periodontopathogens showed no significant difference compared with before removal. Conclusion The levels of subgingival pathogens presented temporary increases after orthodontic appliance placement, and appeared to return to pretreatment levels several months later. This indicates that orthodontic treatment might not permanently induce periodontal disease by affecting the level of subgingival periodontal pathogen levels. Further studies of high methodological quality are required to provide more reliable evidence regarding this issue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:20:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25162aa5f4a24a8cad5728e79ae78ff9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:20:05Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-25162aa5f4a24a8cad5728e79ae78ff92022-12-22T01:31:21ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312017-06-0117111010.1186/s12903-017-0378-1The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trialsRunzhi Guo0Yifan Lin1Yunfei Zheng2Weiran Li3Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyDepartment of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyDepartment of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyDepartment of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyAbstract Background Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects of fixed appliances on microbial changes were reported. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched up to November 20, 2016. Longitudinal studies observing microbial changes in subgingival plaques at different time points of orthodontic treatment are included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). The studies that reported the frequency of subgingival periodontopathogens were used for quantitative analysis. Other studies were analysed qualitatively to describe the microbial changes during orthodontic treatment. Results Thirteen studies were selected, including two controlled clinical trials, three cohort studies and eight self-controlled studies. Four periodontopathogens, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf), were analysed. Following orthodontic appliance placement, the frequencies of Pg and Aa showed no significant change (P = 0.97 and P = 0.77), whereas the frequency of Tf significantly increased (P < 0.01) during short-term observation (0–3 months). The frequency of Pi showed a tooth-specific difference, as it presented no significant difference (P = 0.25) at the site of the first molar but was significantly increased (P = 0.01) at the incisor. During long-term observation (> = 6 months), two studies reported that the levels of subgingival periodontopathogens exhibited a transient increase but decreased to the pretreatment levels afterwards. After removal of the orthodontic appliance, the four periodontopathogens showed no significant difference compared with before removal. Conclusion The levels of subgingival pathogens presented temporary increases after orthodontic appliance placement, and appeared to return to pretreatment levels several months later. This indicates that orthodontic treatment might not permanently induce periodontal disease by affecting the level of subgingival periodontal pathogen levels. Further studies of high methodological quality are required to provide more reliable evidence regarding this issue.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-017-0378-1PeriodontopathogensOrthodontic appliancePeriodontal diseaseSystematic review |
| spellingShingle | Runzhi Guo Yifan Lin Yunfei Zheng Weiran Li The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials BMC Oral Health Periodontopathogens Orthodontic appliance Periodontal disease Systematic review |
| title | The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials |
| title_full | The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials |
| title_fullStr | The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials |
| title_short | The microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials |
| title_sort | microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients a systematic review and meta analysis of clinical trials |
| topic | Periodontopathogens Orthodontic appliance Periodontal disease Systematic review |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-017-0378-1 |
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