Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum
The current challenges in developing a cost-effective bioethanol industry include the production of not only high-volume, low cost biofuels but also high-value products with minimal downstream waste. The up-grading of side-stream lignins from bioethanol production plants to novel high-value products...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North Carolina State University
2015-07-01
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| Series: | BioResources |
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| Online Access: | http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_3_5215_Santos_Lignin_Enriched_Fermentation_Residues |
| _version_ | 1818270081925251072 |
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| author | José I Santos Úrsula Fillat Raquel Martín-Sampedro Ignacio Ballesteros Paloma Manzanares Mercedes Ballesteros María E. Eugenio David Ibarra |
| author_facet | José I Santos Úrsula Fillat Raquel Martín-Sampedro Ignacio Ballesteros Paloma Manzanares Mercedes Ballesteros María E. Eugenio David Ibarra |
| author_sort | José I Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current challenges in developing a cost-effective bioethanol industry include the production of not only high-volume, low cost biofuels but also high-value products with minimal downstream waste. The up-grading of side-stream lignins from bioethanol production plants to novel high-value products will improve the profitability of the bioethanol industry; to do that, a precise understanding of lignin is required. In the present study, lignin-enriched fermentation residues from bioethanol production (steam explosion pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation) of fast-growing poplar and forage sorghum were characterized. In addition to the purity and composition, lignin structure (syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, inter-unit linkages) was also analyzed with spectroscopy techniques such as Fourier transform infrared and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Bioethanol processing and feedstock origins seemed to be the main factors determining the purity, composition, and structure of lignins. Residual lignins from poplar and forage sorghum contained significant amounts of sugar and protein impurities. Poplar lignin showed a very high S/G ratio associated with p-hydroxybenzoate. A lower S/G ratio together with H lignin units and p-hydroxycinnamates (p-coumarate and ferulate) was observed for forage sorghum lignin. The main inter-unit linkages present in both lignins were β-O-4´ aryl ether followed by resinols and phenylcoumarans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:04:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2521911f4c164b4f95369314b18fd250 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1930-2126 1930-2126 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:04:37Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | North Carolina State University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BioResources |
| spelling | doaj.art-2521911f4c164b4f95369314b18fd2502022-12-22T00:12:02ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21261930-21262015-07-011035215523210.15376/biores.10.3.5215-5232Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage SorghumJosé I Santos0Úrsula Fillat1Raquel Martín-Sampedro2Ignacio Ballesteros3Paloma Manzanares4Mercedes Ballesteros5María E. Eugenio6David Ibarra7NMR Facility of Research (SGIker), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain; SpainINIA-CIFOR, Forestry Products Department, Cellulose and Paper Laboratories, Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainINIA-CIFOR, Forestry Products Department, Cellulose and Paper Laboratories, Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainCIEMAT, Renewable Energy Division, Biofuels Unit, Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainCIEMAT, Renewable Energy Division, Biofuels Unit, Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainCIEMAT, Renewable Energy Division, Biofuels Unit, Avda. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainINIA-CIFOR, Forestry Products Department, Cellulose and Paper Laboratories, Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainINIA-CIFOR, Forestry Products Department, Cellulose and Paper Laboratories, Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain; SpainThe current challenges in developing a cost-effective bioethanol industry include the production of not only high-volume, low cost biofuels but also high-value products with minimal downstream waste. The up-grading of side-stream lignins from bioethanol production plants to novel high-value products will improve the profitability of the bioethanol industry; to do that, a precise understanding of lignin is required. In the present study, lignin-enriched fermentation residues from bioethanol production (steam explosion pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation) of fast-growing poplar and forage sorghum were characterized. In addition to the purity and composition, lignin structure (syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio, inter-unit linkages) was also analyzed with spectroscopy techniques such as Fourier transform infrared and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Bioethanol processing and feedstock origins seemed to be the main factors determining the purity, composition, and structure of lignins. Residual lignins from poplar and forage sorghum contained significant amounts of sugar and protein impurities. Poplar lignin showed a very high S/G ratio associated with p-hydroxybenzoate. A lower S/G ratio together with H lignin units and p-hydroxycinnamates (p-coumarate and ferulate) was observed for forage sorghum lignin. The main inter-unit linkages present in both lignins were β-O-4´ aryl ether followed by resinols and phenylcoumarans.http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_3_5215_Santos_Lignin_Enriched_Fermentation_ResiduesResidual ligninFTIRBioethanol production2D-NMR |
| spellingShingle | José I Santos Úrsula Fillat Raquel Martín-Sampedro Ignacio Ballesteros Paloma Manzanares Mercedes Ballesteros María E. Eugenio David Ibarra Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum BioResources Residual lignin FTIR Bioethanol production 2D-NMR |
| title | Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum |
| title_full | Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum |
| title_fullStr | Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum |
| title_short | Lignin-enriched Fermentation Residues from Bioethanol Production of Fast-growing Poplar and Forage Sorghum |
| title_sort | lignin enriched fermentation residues from bioethanol production of fast growing poplar and forage sorghum |
| topic | Residual lignin FTIR Bioethanol production 2D-NMR |
| url | http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_10_3_5215_Santos_Lignin_Enriched_Fermentation_Residues |
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