Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes
We determined 15 complete and two nearly complete mitogenomes of Heptageniidae belonging to three subfamilies (Heptageniinae, Rhithrogeninae, and Ecdyonurinae) and six genera (<i>Afronurus</i>, <i>Epeorus</i>, <i>Leucrocuta</i>, <i>Maccaffertium</i>, &...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/7/656 |
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| author | Xiao-Dong Xu Jia-Yin Guan Zi-Yi Zhang Yu-Rou Cao Yin-Yin Cai Kenneth B. Storey Dan-Na Yu Jia-Yong Zhang |
| author_facet | Xiao-Dong Xu Jia-Yin Guan Zi-Yi Zhang Yu-Rou Cao Yin-Yin Cai Kenneth B. Storey Dan-Na Yu Jia-Yong Zhang |
| author_sort | Xiao-Dong Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We determined 15 complete and two nearly complete mitogenomes of Heptageniidae belonging to three subfamilies (Heptageniinae, Rhithrogeninae, and Ecdyonurinae) and six genera (<i>Afronurus</i>, <i>Epeorus</i>, <i>Leucrocuta</i>, <i>Maccaffertium</i>, <i>Stenacron</i>, and <i>Stenonema</i>). Species of Rhithrogeninae and Ecdyonurinae had the same gene rearrangement of CR<i>-I-M-Q-M-ND2</i>, whereas a novel gene rearrangement of CR-<i>I-M-Q</i>-NCR-<i>ND2</i> was found in Heptageniinae. Non-coding regions (NCRs) of 25–47 bp located between <i>trnA</i> and <i>trnR</i> were observed in all mayflies of Heptageniidae, which may be a synapomorphy for Heptageniidae. Both the BI and ML phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Heptageniidae and its subfamilies (Heptageniinae, Rhithrogeninae, and Ecdyonurinae). The phylogenetic results combined with gene rearrangements and NCR locations confirmed the relationship of the subfamilies as (Heptageniinae + (Rhithrogeninae + Ecdyonurinae)). To assess the effects of low-temperature stress on Heptageniidae species from Ottawa, Canada, we found 27 positive selection sites in eight protein-coding genes (PCGs) using the branch-site model. The selection pressure analyses suggested that mitochondrial PCGs underwent positive selection to meet the energy requirements under low-temperature stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:36:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-252a014005984fe5966de4fd7f858277 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:36:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-252a014005984fe5966de4fd7f8582772023-11-22T04:05:05ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-07-0112765610.3390/insects12070656Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using MitogenomesXiao-Dong Xu0Jia-Yin Guan1Zi-Yi Zhang2Yu-Rou Cao3Yin-Yin Cai4Kenneth B. Storey5Dan-Na Yu6Jia-Yong Zhang7College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaDepartment of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, ChinaWe determined 15 complete and two nearly complete mitogenomes of Heptageniidae belonging to three subfamilies (Heptageniinae, Rhithrogeninae, and Ecdyonurinae) and six genera (<i>Afronurus</i>, <i>Epeorus</i>, <i>Leucrocuta</i>, <i>Maccaffertium</i>, <i>Stenacron</i>, and <i>Stenonema</i>). Species of Rhithrogeninae and Ecdyonurinae had the same gene rearrangement of CR<i>-I-M-Q-M-ND2</i>, whereas a novel gene rearrangement of CR-<i>I-M-Q</i>-NCR-<i>ND2</i> was found in Heptageniinae. Non-coding regions (NCRs) of 25–47 bp located between <i>trnA</i> and <i>trnR</i> were observed in all mayflies of Heptageniidae, which may be a synapomorphy for Heptageniidae. Both the BI and ML phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Heptageniidae and its subfamilies (Heptageniinae, Rhithrogeninae, and Ecdyonurinae). The phylogenetic results combined with gene rearrangements and NCR locations confirmed the relationship of the subfamilies as (Heptageniinae + (Rhithrogeninae + Ecdyonurinae)). To assess the effects of low-temperature stress on Heptageniidae species from Ottawa, Canada, we found 27 positive selection sites in eight protein-coding genes (PCGs) using the branch-site model. The selection pressure analyses suggested that mitochondrial PCGs underwent positive selection to meet the energy requirements under low-temperature stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/7/656Heptageniidaemitochondrial genomegene rearrangementphylogenetic relationshipnon-coding region (NCR)selective stress analysis |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Dong Xu Jia-Yin Guan Zi-Yi Zhang Yu-Rou Cao Yin-Yin Cai Kenneth B. Storey Dan-Na Yu Jia-Yong Zhang Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes Insects Heptageniidae mitochondrial genome gene rearrangement phylogenetic relationship non-coding region (NCR) selective stress analysis |
| title | Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes |
| title_full | Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes |
| title_fullStr | Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes |
| title_short | Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes |
| title_sort | insight into the phylogenetic relationships among three subfamilies within heptageniidae insecta ephemeroptera along with low temperature selection pressure analyses using mitogenomes |
| topic | Heptageniidae mitochondrial genome gene rearrangement phylogenetic relationship non-coding region (NCR) selective stress analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/7/656 |
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