Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil
Pyrolysis is becoming a prominent method for producing bio-oil from biomass. It has the potential to contribute to the development of a viable renewable fuel market while also ensuring environmental sustainability. In this study, bio-oil was produced from abundantly available pig hair in a fixed bed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-10-01
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| Series: | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918521000524 |
| _version_ | 1818363860566933504 |
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| author | J.L. Chukwuneke H.O. Orugba H.C. Olisakwe P.O. Chikelu |
| author_facet | J.L. Chukwuneke H.O. Orugba H.C. Olisakwe P.O. Chikelu |
| author_sort | J.L. Chukwuneke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pyrolysis is becoming a prominent method for producing bio-oil from biomass. It has the potential to contribute to the development of a viable renewable fuel market while also ensuring environmental sustainability. In this study, bio-oil was produced from abundantly available pig hair in a fixed bed reactor. The influence of pyrolysis factors such as temperature and heating rate on the production of bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas was examined. The prepared materials were pyrolyzed at 50 °C intervals in the temperature range of 300 to 550 °C. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature has a moderate impact on product yields and bio-oil properties. The maximum bio-oil yield of 51.8 wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C while the other product yields were 39.5 wt.% of bio-char and 43.0 wt.% of non-condensable gasses. The viscosity, density, elemental analysis, API density, pH, moisture and ash contents, and other physicochemical parameters of bio-oil were measured, and the gross calorific value (HHV) and net calorific value (LHV) were determined to be 20.66 MJ/kg and 19.31 MJ/kg, respectively. The bio-oil had a low water content and pH value, as a result, the content of oxygenated compounds has decreased, favouring the presence of non-oxygenated chemical compounds as revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The bio-oil contained compounds such as 2,6-octadienal,3,7-dimethyl (38.86%), citral (24.9%),.beta.-myrcene (5.47%), linoelaidic acid (5.41%), trans-13-octadecanoic acid (4.32%), hydrocarbon, ester, alcohol, ketones, alkanes, fatty acid, toluene, aromatic etc. were identified in the bio-oil which can be used in the manufacturing of chemicals, pharmaceutical and dyes industries, paint and perfume industries, and flammable gasses. As technology progresses, bio-oil will become a more feasible alternative to diesel. This study demonstrated that pig hair is a viable feedstock for a wide range of prospective fossil fuel substitutes and has a wide range of uses in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and dye sectors, as well as the biodiesel industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:55:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-253366c2af304bd696893b8fd0f1e673 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1026-9185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:55:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-253366c2af304bd696893b8fd0f1e6732022-12-21T23:30:09ZengElsevierSouth African Journal of Chemical Engineering1026-91852021-10-0138115120Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oilJ.L. Chukwuneke0H.O. Orugba1H.C. Olisakwe2P.O. Chikelu3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Chemical Engineering, Delta State University, Abraka, NigeriaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaPyrolysis is becoming a prominent method for producing bio-oil from biomass. It has the potential to contribute to the development of a viable renewable fuel market while also ensuring environmental sustainability. In this study, bio-oil was produced from abundantly available pig hair in a fixed bed reactor. The influence of pyrolysis factors such as temperature and heating rate on the production of bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas was examined. The prepared materials were pyrolyzed at 50 °C intervals in the temperature range of 300 to 550 °C. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature has a moderate impact on product yields and bio-oil properties. The maximum bio-oil yield of 51.8 wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C while the other product yields were 39.5 wt.% of bio-char and 43.0 wt.% of non-condensable gasses. The viscosity, density, elemental analysis, API density, pH, moisture and ash contents, and other physicochemical parameters of bio-oil were measured, and the gross calorific value (HHV) and net calorific value (LHV) were determined to be 20.66 MJ/kg and 19.31 MJ/kg, respectively. The bio-oil had a low water content and pH value, as a result, the content of oxygenated compounds has decreased, favouring the presence of non-oxygenated chemical compounds as revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The bio-oil contained compounds such as 2,6-octadienal,3,7-dimethyl (38.86%), citral (24.9%),.beta.-myrcene (5.47%), linoelaidic acid (5.41%), trans-13-octadecanoic acid (4.32%), hydrocarbon, ester, alcohol, ketones, alkanes, fatty acid, toluene, aromatic etc. were identified in the bio-oil which can be used in the manufacturing of chemicals, pharmaceutical and dyes industries, paint and perfume industries, and flammable gasses. As technology progresses, bio-oil will become a more feasible alternative to diesel. This study demonstrated that pig hair is a viable feedstock for a wide range of prospective fossil fuel substitutes and has a wide range of uses in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and dye sectors, as well as the biodiesel industry.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918521000524Bio-oilBiomassCharacterizationPig hairPyrolysisRenewable energy |
| spellingShingle | J.L. Chukwuneke H.O. Orugba H.C. Olisakwe P.O. Chikelu Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Bio-oil Biomass Characterization Pig hair Pyrolysis Renewable energy |
| title | Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil |
| title_full | Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil |
| title_fullStr | Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil |
| title_short | Pyrolysis of pig-hair in a fixed bed reactor: Physico-chemical parameters of bio-oil |
| title_sort | pyrolysis of pig hair in a fixed bed reactor physico chemical parameters of bio oil |
| topic | Bio-oil Biomass Characterization Pig hair Pyrolysis Renewable energy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918521000524 |
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