Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting
Abstract Background Skeletal muscle wasting (SMW) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, treatment intolerance and discontinuation, and poor quality of life. This is particularly true for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as over 85% experience SMW...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12699 |
| _version_ | 1827280151339073536 |
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| author | Calvin L. Cole John F. Bachman Jian Ye Joseph Murphy Scott A. Gerber Christopher A. Beck Brendan F. Boyce Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Joe V. Chakkalakal Edward M. Schwarz David Linehan |
| author_facet | Calvin L. Cole John F. Bachman Jian Ye Joseph Murphy Scott A. Gerber Christopher A. Beck Brendan F. Boyce Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Joe V. Chakkalakal Edward M. Schwarz David Linehan |
| author_sort | Calvin L. Cole |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Skeletal muscle wasting (SMW) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, treatment intolerance and discontinuation, and poor quality of life. This is particularly true for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as over 85% experience SMW, which is responsible for ~30% of patient deaths. While the established paradigm to explain SMW posits that muscle catabolism from systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiencies, the cause of death, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. To address this, we investigated the relationship between tumour burden and survival in the KCKO murine PDAC model. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice 6–8 weeks of age underwent orthotopic injection with KCKO‐luc tumour cells. Solid tumour was verified on Day 5, post‐tumour inoculation. In vivo, longitudinal lean mass and tumour burden were assessed via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and IVIS imaging, respectively, and total body weight was assessed, weekly. Animals were sacrificed at a designated end point of ‘failure to thrive’. After sacrifice, lower limb hind muscles were harvested for histology and RNA extraction. Results We found a strong correlation between primary tumour size and survival (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.0001). A significant decrease in lower limb lean mass was first detected at Day 38 post‐implantation vs. no tumour controls (NTCs) (P < 0.0001). SMW was confirmed by histology, which demonstrated a 38%, 32.7%, and 39.9% decrease in fibre size of extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively, in PDAC mice vs. NTC (P < 0.002). Histology also revealed a 67.6% increase in haematopoietic cells within the muscle of PDAC mice when compared with NTC. Bulk RNAseq on muscles from PDAC mice vs. NTC revealed significant increases in c/ebpβ/Δ, il‐1, il‐6, and tnf gene expression. Pathway analyses to identify potential upstream factors revealed increased adipogenic gene expression, including a four‐fold increase in igfbp‐3. Histomorphometry of Oil Red‐O staining for fat content in tibialis anterior muscles demonstrated a 95.5% increase in positively stained fibres from PDAC mice vs. NTC. Conclusions Together, these findings support a novel model of PDAC‐associated SMW and mortality in which systemic inflammation leads to inflammatory cell infiltration into skeletal muscle with up‐regulated myocellular lipids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:32:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-253d934b0fa14eca9e41eee1ebbe2db1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5991 2190-6009 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:32:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| spelling | doaj.art-253d934b0fa14eca9e41eee1ebbe2db12024-04-16T19:03:19ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092021-06-0112373174510.1002/jcsm.12699Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wastingCalvin L. Cole0John F. Bachman1Jian Ye2Joseph Murphy3Scott A. Gerber4Christopher A. Beck5Brendan F. Boyce6Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan7Joe V. Chakkalakal8Edward M. Schwarz9David Linehan10Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USACenter for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USACenter for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USADepartment of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USAAbstract Background Skeletal muscle wasting (SMW) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, treatment intolerance and discontinuation, and poor quality of life. This is particularly true for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as over 85% experience SMW, which is responsible for ~30% of patient deaths. While the established paradigm to explain SMW posits that muscle catabolism from systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiencies, the cause of death, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. To address this, we investigated the relationship between tumour burden and survival in the KCKO murine PDAC model. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice 6–8 weeks of age underwent orthotopic injection with KCKO‐luc tumour cells. Solid tumour was verified on Day 5, post‐tumour inoculation. In vivo, longitudinal lean mass and tumour burden were assessed via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and IVIS imaging, respectively, and total body weight was assessed, weekly. Animals were sacrificed at a designated end point of ‘failure to thrive’. After sacrifice, lower limb hind muscles were harvested for histology and RNA extraction. Results We found a strong correlation between primary tumour size and survival (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.0001). A significant decrease in lower limb lean mass was first detected at Day 38 post‐implantation vs. no tumour controls (NTCs) (P < 0.0001). SMW was confirmed by histology, which demonstrated a 38%, 32.7%, and 39.9% decrease in fibre size of extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively, in PDAC mice vs. NTC (P < 0.002). Histology also revealed a 67.6% increase in haematopoietic cells within the muscle of PDAC mice when compared with NTC. Bulk RNAseq on muscles from PDAC mice vs. NTC revealed significant increases in c/ebpβ/Δ, il‐1, il‐6, and tnf gene expression. Pathway analyses to identify potential upstream factors revealed increased adipogenic gene expression, including a four‐fold increase in igfbp‐3. Histomorphometry of Oil Red‐O staining for fat content in tibialis anterior muscles demonstrated a 95.5% increase in positively stained fibres from PDAC mice vs. NTC. Conclusions Together, these findings support a novel model of PDAC‐associated SMW and mortality in which systemic inflammation leads to inflammatory cell infiltration into skeletal muscle with up‐regulated myocellular lipids.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12699Myocellular lipidMurine modelPancreatic cancerSkeletal muscle wasting |
| spellingShingle | Calvin L. Cole John F. Bachman Jian Ye Joseph Murphy Scott A. Gerber Christopher A. Beck Brendan F. Boyce Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Joe V. Chakkalakal Edward M. Schwarz David Linehan Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle Myocellular lipid Murine model Pancreatic cancer Skeletal muscle wasting |
| title | Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting |
| title_full | Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting |
| title_fullStr | Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting |
| title_short | Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP‐3 expression in a pre‐clinical model of pancreatic cancer‐related skeletal muscle wasting |
| title_sort | increased myocellular lipid and igfbp 3 expression in a pre clinical model of pancreatic cancer related skeletal muscle wasting |
| topic | Myocellular lipid Murine model Pancreatic cancer Skeletal muscle wasting |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12699 |
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