Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobials (AM) are used for growth promotion and therapy in pig production. Its misuse has led to the development of resistant organisms. We evaluated Escherichia coli virulence genes, and compared phenotypic–genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of faecal E. coli from pigs receivin...

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Main Authors: Rukayya H. Abubakar, Evelyn Madoroba, Oluwawemimo Adebowale, Olubunmi G. Fasanmi, Folorunso O. Fasina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AOSIS 2019-10-01
Series:Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/1743
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author Rukayya H. Abubakar
Evelyn Madoroba
Oluwawemimo Adebowale
Olubunmi G. Fasanmi
Folorunso O. Fasina
author_facet Rukayya H. Abubakar
Evelyn Madoroba
Oluwawemimo Adebowale
Olubunmi G. Fasanmi
Folorunso O. Fasina
author_sort Rukayya H. Abubakar
collection DOAJ
description Antimicrobials (AM) are used for growth promotion and therapy in pig production. Its misuse has led to the development of resistant organisms. We evaluated Escherichia coli virulence genes, and compared phenotypic–genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of faecal E. coli from pigs receiving routine farm treatment without antimicrobial agents against pigs treated routinely with AM over 70 days. Recovered E. coli were tested for AMR using disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction. Virulence genes were detected in 24.8% of isolates from antimicrobial group and 43.5% from non-antimicrobial group (p = 0.002). The proportion of virulence genes heat-stable enterotoxins a b (STa, STb), enteroaggregative heat stable enterotoxin 1 [EAST1] and Shiga toxin type 2e [Stx2e]) were 18.1%, 0.0%, 78.7% and 3.0% for antimicrobial group and 14.8%, 8.5%, 85.1% and 12.7% for non-antimicrobial groups, respectively. Resistance to oxytetracycline was most common (p = 0.03) in samples collected between days 10 and 21. Resistance shifted to amoxicillin on days 56–70, and trimethoprim resistance was observed throughout. Seventeen phenotypic AMR combinations were observed and eight were multidrug resistant. At least one tetracycline resistance gene was found in 63.9% of the isolates. tet (A) (23.3%) was most common in the antimicrobial group, whereas tet (B) (43.5%) was prevalent in the non-antimicrobial group. Usage or non-usage of antimicrobial agents in growing pigs does not preclude virulence genes development and other complex factors may be involved as previously described. Heavily used AM correspond to the degree of resistance and tetracycline resistance genes were detected during the growth phase.
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spelling doaj.art-253fd3a65a2743708cf08ce5494dd2852022-12-21T18:24:00ZengAOSISOnderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research0030-24652219-06352019-10-01861e1e1110.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1743625Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistanceRukayya H. Abubakar0Evelyn Madoroba1Oluwawemimo Adebowale2Olubunmi G. Fasanmi3Folorunso O. Fasina4Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, PretoriaDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, AbeokutaDepartment of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, NigeriaDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; and, Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaAntimicrobials (AM) are used for growth promotion and therapy in pig production. Its misuse has led to the development of resistant organisms. We evaluated Escherichia coli virulence genes, and compared phenotypic–genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of faecal E. coli from pigs receiving routine farm treatment without antimicrobial agents against pigs treated routinely with AM over 70 days. Recovered E. coli were tested for AMR using disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction. Virulence genes were detected in 24.8% of isolates from antimicrobial group and 43.5% from non-antimicrobial group (p = 0.002). The proportion of virulence genes heat-stable enterotoxins a b (STa, STb), enteroaggregative heat stable enterotoxin 1 [EAST1] and Shiga toxin type 2e [Stx2e]) were 18.1%, 0.0%, 78.7% and 3.0% for antimicrobial group and 14.8%, 8.5%, 85.1% and 12.7% for non-antimicrobial groups, respectively. Resistance to oxytetracycline was most common (p = 0.03) in samples collected between days 10 and 21. Resistance shifted to amoxicillin on days 56–70, and trimethoprim resistance was observed throughout. Seventeen phenotypic AMR combinations were observed and eight were multidrug resistant. At least one tetracycline resistance gene was found in 63.9% of the isolates. tet (A) (23.3%) was most common in the antimicrobial group, whereas tet (B) (43.5%) was prevalent in the non-antimicrobial group. Usage or non-usage of antimicrobial agents in growing pigs does not preclude virulence genes development and other complex factors may be involved as previously described. Heavily used AM correspond to the degree of resistance and tetracycline resistance genes were detected during the growth phase.https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/1743antimicrobialescherichia colimicrobial drug resistancevirulence
spellingShingle Rukayya H. Abubakar
Evelyn Madoroba
Oluwawemimo Adebowale
Olubunmi G. Fasanmi
Folorunso O. Fasina
Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
antimicrobial
escherichia coli
microbial drug resistance
virulence
title Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
title_full Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
title_fullStr Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
title_short Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
title_sort antimicrobial usage in pig production effects on escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance
topic antimicrobial
escherichia coli
microbial drug resistance
virulence
url https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/1743
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AT olubunmigfasanmi antimicrobialusageinpigproductioneffectsonescherichiacolivirulenceprofilesandantimicrobialresistance
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