Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics
Trypanosomes are single-celled extracellular parasites that infect mammals, including humans and livestock, causing global public health concerns and economic losses. These parasites cycle between insect vectors, such as tsetse flies and vertebrate hosts, undergoing morphological, cellular, and bioc...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/188 |
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| author | Boyoon Choi Hien Thi Vu Hai Thi Vu Magdalena Radwanska Stefan Magez |
| author_facet | Boyoon Choi Hien Thi Vu Hai Thi Vu Magdalena Radwanska Stefan Magez |
| author_sort | Boyoon Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trypanosomes are single-celled extracellular parasites that infect mammals, including humans and livestock, causing global public health concerns and economic losses. These parasites cycle between insect vectors, such as tsetse flies and vertebrate hosts, undergoing morphological, cellular, and biochemical changes. They have remarkable immune evasion mechanisms to escape the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses, such as surface coat antigenic variation and the induction of the loss of specificity and memory of antibody responses, enabling the prolongation of infection. Since trypanosomes circulate through the host body in blood and lymph fluid and invade various organs, understanding the interaction between trypanosomes and tissue niches is essential. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of host–parasite interactions and survival strategies for trypanosomes by introducing and discussing the latest studies investigating the transcriptomics of parasites according to life cycle stages, as well as host cells in various tissues and organs, using single-cell and spatial sequencing applications. In recent years, this information has improved our understanding of trypanosomosis by deciphering the diverse populations of parasites in the developmental process, as well as the highly heterogeneous immune and tissue-resident cells involved in anti-trypanosome responses. Ultimately, the goal of these approaches is to gain an in-depth understanding of parasite biology and host immunity, potentially leading to new vaccination and therapeutic strategies against trypanosomosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:55:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-253ff09626bb4002baed0c9c141c773c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:55:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-253ff09626bb4002baed0c9c141c773c2024-03-27T13:58:48ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-02-0113318810.3390/pathogens13030188Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell TranscriptomicsBoyoon Choi0Hien Thi Vu1Hai Thi Vu2Magdalena Radwanska3Stefan Magez4Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology KR01, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of KoreaLaboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology KR01, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of KoreaLaboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology KR01, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of KoreaLaboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology KR01, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of KoreaLaboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology KR01, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of KoreaTrypanosomes are single-celled extracellular parasites that infect mammals, including humans and livestock, causing global public health concerns and economic losses. These parasites cycle between insect vectors, such as tsetse flies and vertebrate hosts, undergoing morphological, cellular, and biochemical changes. They have remarkable immune evasion mechanisms to escape the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses, such as surface coat antigenic variation and the induction of the loss of specificity and memory of antibody responses, enabling the prolongation of infection. Since trypanosomes circulate through the host body in blood and lymph fluid and invade various organs, understanding the interaction between trypanosomes and tissue niches is essential. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of host–parasite interactions and survival strategies for trypanosomes by introducing and discussing the latest studies investigating the transcriptomics of parasites according to life cycle stages, as well as host cells in various tissues and organs, using single-cell and spatial sequencing applications. In recent years, this information has improved our understanding of trypanosomosis by deciphering the diverse populations of parasites in the developmental process, as well as the highly heterogeneous immune and tissue-resident cells involved in anti-trypanosome responses. Ultimately, the goal of these approaches is to gain an in-depth understanding of parasite biology and host immunity, potentially leading to new vaccination and therapeutic strategies against trypanosomosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/188African trypanosomesimmunityorgantranscriptomicssingle-cell sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Boyoon Choi Hien Thi Vu Hai Thi Vu Magdalena Radwanska Stefan Magez Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics Pathogens African trypanosomes immunity organ transcriptomics single-cell sequencing |
| title | Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics |
| title_full | Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics |
| title_fullStr | Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics |
| title_short | Advances in the Immunology of the Host–Parasite Interactions in African Trypanosomosis, including Single-Cell Transcriptomics |
| title_sort | advances in the immunology of the host parasite interactions in african trypanosomosis including single cell transcriptomics |
| topic | African trypanosomes immunity organ transcriptomics single-cell sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/188 |
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