Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can stimulate disease suppression through the induction of an enhanced state of defense readiness. Here, untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) and targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1530 |
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| author | Msizi I. Mhlongo Lizelle A. Piater Paul A. Steenkamp Nico Labuschagne Ian A. Dubery |
| author_facet | Msizi I. Mhlongo Lizelle A. Piater Paul A. Steenkamp Nico Labuschagne Ian A. Dubery |
| author_sort | Msizi I. Mhlongo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can stimulate disease suppression through the induction of an enhanced state of defense readiness. Here, untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) and targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QqQ-MS) were used to investigate metabolic reprogramming in tomato plant tissues in response to priming by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> N04 and <i>Paenibacillus alvei</i> T22 against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>. Roots were treated with the two PGPR strains prior to stem inoculation with <i>Ph. capsici.</i> Metabolites were methanol-extracted from roots, stems and leaves at two–eight days post-inoculation. Targeted analysis by UHPLC–QqQ-MS allowed quantification of aromatic amino acids and phytohormones. For untargeted analysis, UHPLC–MS data were chemometrically processed to determine signatory biomarkers related to priming against <i>Ph. capsici</i>. The aromatic amino acid content was differentially reprogrammed in <i>Ps. fluorescens</i> and <i>Pa. alvei</i> primed plants responding to <i>Ph. capsici</i>. Furthermore, abscisic acid and methyl salicylic acid were found to be major signaling molecules in the tripartite interaction. LC–MS metabolomics analysis showed time-dependent metabolic changes in the primed-unchallenged vs. primed-challenged tissues. The annotated metabolites included phenylpropanoids, benzoic acids, glycoalkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids, as well as oxygenated fatty acids. Tissue-specific reprogramming across diverse metabolic networks in roots, stems and leaves was also observed, which demonstrated that PGPR priming resulted in modulation of the defense response to <i>Ph. capsici</i> infection. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:28:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-254e7644870f4e9fb07dee4973711fdf2023-11-22T09:17:39ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-07-01108153010.3390/plants10081530Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> InfectionMsizi I. Mhlongo0Lizelle A. Piater1Paul A. Steenkamp2Nico Labuschagne3Ian A. Dubery4Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaResearch Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaResearch Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaResearch Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can stimulate disease suppression through the induction of an enhanced state of defense readiness. Here, untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) and targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC–QqQ-MS) were used to investigate metabolic reprogramming in tomato plant tissues in response to priming by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> N04 and <i>Paenibacillus alvei</i> T22 against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>. Roots were treated with the two PGPR strains prior to stem inoculation with <i>Ph. capsici.</i> Metabolites were methanol-extracted from roots, stems and leaves at two–eight days post-inoculation. Targeted analysis by UHPLC–QqQ-MS allowed quantification of aromatic amino acids and phytohormones. For untargeted analysis, UHPLC–MS data were chemometrically processed to determine signatory biomarkers related to priming against <i>Ph. capsici</i>. The aromatic amino acid content was differentially reprogrammed in <i>Ps. fluorescens</i> and <i>Pa. alvei</i> primed plants responding to <i>Ph. capsici</i>. Furthermore, abscisic acid and methyl salicylic acid were found to be major signaling molecules in the tripartite interaction. LC–MS metabolomics analysis showed time-dependent metabolic changes in the primed-unchallenged vs. primed-challenged tissues. The annotated metabolites included phenylpropanoids, benzoic acids, glycoalkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids, as well as oxygenated fatty acids. Tissue-specific reprogramming across diverse metabolic networks in roots, stems and leaves was also observed, which demonstrated that PGPR priming resulted in modulation of the defense response to <i>Ph. capsici</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1530plant growth-promoting rhizobacteriapriming<i>Phytophthora capsici</i>metabolic reprogrammingtomatoultra-high performance liquid chromatography |
| spellingShingle | Msizi I. Mhlongo Lizelle A. Piater Paul A. Steenkamp Nico Labuschagne Ian A. Dubery Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection Plants plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria priming <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> metabolic reprogramming tomato ultra-high performance liquid chromatography |
| title | Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection |
| title_full | Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection |
| title_short | Metabolomic Evaluation of Tissue-Specific Defense Responses in Tomato Plants Modulated by PGPR-Priming against <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> Infection |
| title_sort | metabolomic evaluation of tissue specific defense responses in tomato plants modulated by pgpr priming against i phytophthora capsici i infection |
| topic | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria priming <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> metabolic reprogramming tomato ultra-high performance liquid chromatography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1530 |
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