Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice
In this study <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer’s activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2842 |
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| author | Ravi Gangalla Sampath Gattu Sivasankar Palaniappan Maqusood Ahamed Baswaraju Macha Raja Komuraiah Thampu Antonella Fais Alberto Cincotti Gianluca Gatto Murali Dama Amit Kumar |
| author_facet | Ravi Gangalla Sampath Gattu Sivasankar Palaniappan Maqusood Ahamed Baswaraju Macha Raja Komuraiah Thampu Antonella Fais Alberto Cincotti Gianluca Gatto Murali Dama Amit Kumar |
| author_sort | Ravi Gangalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer’s activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produced by <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 was purified, and the yield was estimated to be 10.35 gL<sup>−1</sup>. Following purification, the polysaccharide was structurally and chemically analysed. The structural analysis revealed the polysaccharide consists of α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannopyranose (α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Man<i>p</i>) and β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactopyranose (β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>) monosaccharide units connected through glycosidic linkages (i.e., β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→6)β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp (1→6)β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→2)β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→2)[β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→6)]β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→2)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp (1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging of polysaccharides emphasise their compactness and branching in the usual tubular heteropolysaccharide structure. The purified exopolysaccharide significantly impacted the plaques formed by the amyloid proteins during Alzheimer’s disease. Further, the results also highlighted the potential applicability of exopolysaccharide in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:05:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-254ff8aebad649af9b50ffe4da5f7a4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:05:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-254ff8aebad649af9b50ffe4da5f7a4f2023-11-22T11:04:09ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-08-011317284210.3390/polym13172842Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease MiceRavi Gangalla0Sampath Gattu1Sivasankar Palaniappan2Maqusood Ahamed3Baswaraju Macha4Raja Komuraiah Thampu5Antonella Fais6Alberto Cincotti7Gianluca Gatto8Murali Dama9Amit Kumar10Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, IndiaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaMedicinal Chemistry Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, IndiaDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyInstitute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyIn this study <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer’s activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produced by <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 was purified, and the yield was estimated to be 10.35 gL<sup>−1</sup>. Following purification, the polysaccharide was structurally and chemically analysed. The structural analysis revealed the polysaccharide consists of α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannopyranose (α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Man<i>p</i>) and β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactopyranose (β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Gal<i>p</i>) monosaccharide units connected through glycosidic linkages (i.e., β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→6)β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp (1→6)β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→2)β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→2)[β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→6)]β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Galp(1→2)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp (1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp(1→6)α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-Manp). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging of polysaccharides emphasise their compactness and branching in the usual tubular heteropolysaccharide structure. The purified exopolysaccharide significantly impacted the plaques formed by the amyloid proteins during Alzheimer’s disease. Further, the results also highlighted the potential applicability of exopolysaccharide in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2842Alzheimer’s diseasecognitive functionexopolysaccharide<i>Bacillus</i>biopolymerbiomedical application |
| spellingShingle | Ravi Gangalla Sampath Gattu Sivasankar Palaniappan Maqusood Ahamed Baswaraju Macha Raja Komuraiah Thampu Antonella Fais Alberto Cincotti Gianluca Gatto Murali Dama Amit Kumar Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice Polymers Alzheimer’s disease cognitive function exopolysaccharide <i>Bacillus</i> biopolymer biomedical application |
| title | Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice |
| title_full | Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice |
| title_fullStr | Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice |
| title_short | Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice |
| title_sort | structural characterisation and assessment of the novel i bacillus amyloliquefaciens i rk3 exopolysaccharide on the improvement of cognitive function in alzheimer s disease mice |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease cognitive function exopolysaccharide <i>Bacillus</i> biopolymer biomedical application |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/17/2842 |
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