Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation
Early in development, placental and marsupial mammals harbouring at least two X chromosomes per nucleus are faced with a choice that affects the rest of their lives: which of those X chromosomes to transcriptionally inactivate. This choice underlies phenotypical diversity in the composition of tissu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/535 |
| _version_ | 1797488428510609408 |
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| author | Giulia Furlan Rafael Galupa |
| author_facet | Giulia Furlan Rafael Galupa |
| author_sort | Giulia Furlan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early in development, placental and marsupial mammals harbouring at least two X chromosomes per nucleus are faced with a choice that affects the rest of their lives: which of those X chromosomes to transcriptionally inactivate. This choice underlies phenotypical diversity in the composition of tissues and organs and in their response to the environment, and can determine whether an individual will be healthy or affected by an X-linked disease. Here, we review our current understanding of the process of choice during X-chromosome inactivation and its implications, focusing on the strategies evolved by different mammalian lineages and on the known and unknown molecular mechanisms and players involved. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:02:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2558d056cf7c4c0fa499735a548f9c39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:02:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-2558d056cf7c4c0fa499735a548f9c392023-11-23T16:13:35ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-02-0111353510.3390/cells11030535Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome InactivationGiulia Furlan0Rafael Galupa1Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UKEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Developmental Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyEarly in development, placental and marsupial mammals harbouring at least two X chromosomes per nucleus are faced with a choice that affects the rest of their lives: which of those X chromosomes to transcriptionally inactivate. This choice underlies phenotypical diversity in the composition of tissues and organs and in their response to the environment, and can determine whether an individual will be healthy or affected by an X-linked disease. Here, we review our current understanding of the process of choice during X-chromosome inactivation and its implications, focusing on the strategies evolved by different mammalian lineages and on the known and unknown molecular mechanisms and players involved.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/535X-chromosome inactivationallelic choiceskewingplacentalsmarsupials |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Furlan Rafael Galupa Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation Cells X-chromosome inactivation allelic choice skewing placentals marsupials |
| title | Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Choice in X-Chromosome Inactivation |
| title_sort | mechanisms of choice in x chromosome inactivation |
| topic | X-chromosome inactivation allelic choice skewing placentals marsupials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/3/535 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giuliafurlan mechanismsofchoiceinxchromosomeinactivation AT rafaelgalupa mechanismsofchoiceinxchromosomeinactivation |