Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications
Sports face guards (FGs) are devices that protect athletes from maxillofacial injury or ensure rapid return to play following orofacial damage. Conventional FGs are uncomfortable to wear owing to stuffiness caused by poor ventilation and often slip off due to increase in weight due to absorption of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1879 |
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| author | Thet Khaing Aung Hiroshi Churei Gen Tanabe Rio Kinjo Kaito Togawa Chenyuan Li Yumi Tsuchida Phyu Sin Tun Shwe Hlaing Hidekazu Takahashi Toshiaki Ueno |
| author_facet | Thet Khaing Aung Hiroshi Churei Gen Tanabe Rio Kinjo Kaito Togawa Chenyuan Li Yumi Tsuchida Phyu Sin Tun Shwe Hlaing Hidekazu Takahashi Toshiaki Ueno |
| author_sort | Thet Khaing Aung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sports face guards (FGs) are devices that protect athletes from maxillofacial injury or ensure rapid return to play following orofacial damage. Conventional FGs are uncomfortable to wear owing to stuffiness caused by poor ventilation and often slip off due to increase in weight due to absorption of moisture from perspiration, lowering players’ performance. Herein, combinations of 3D-printed perforated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer sheets and 3D-knitted fabrics with honeycomb structures as cushioning materials were investigated to balance better wearing feel and mechanical properties. The flexural strength, weight, and shock absorption ability of, and air flow rate through, the ABS sheets with five different perforation patterns were evaluated and compared with those of conventional FG materials comprising a combination of polycaprolactone sheets for the medical splint and polychloroprene rubber for the cushioning material. The ABS sheets having 10% open area and 2.52 mm round holes, combined with knitted fabric cushioning, exhibited the requisite shock absorbing, higher air permeability, and lower weight properties than the conventional materials. Our results suggest that FGs fabricated using combinations of 3D-printed perforated ABS polymer sheets and 3D-knitted fabrics with honeycomb structures may impart enhanced wearing comfort for athletes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:40:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-256d25caeb6e48d98f83b07facb2f428 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:40:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-256d25caeb6e48d98f83b07facb2f4282023-11-21T22:57:14ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-06-011311187910.3390/polym13111879Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard ApplicationsThet Khaing Aung0Hiroshi Churei1Gen Tanabe2Rio Kinjo3Kaito Togawa4Chenyuan Li5Yumi Tsuchida6Phyu Sin Tun7Shwe Hlaing8Hidekazu Takahashi9Toshiaki Ueno10Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanMoe Myitta Dental Clinic, No.117, Corner of 26th × 76th Street, Chaayetharsan Township, Mandalay 05024, MyanmarDepartment of Prosthodontics, The University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, 62nd Street, Chan Mya Thazi Township, Mandalay 05041, MyanmarDepartment of Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanDepartment of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, JapanSports face guards (FGs) are devices that protect athletes from maxillofacial injury or ensure rapid return to play following orofacial damage. Conventional FGs are uncomfortable to wear owing to stuffiness caused by poor ventilation and often slip off due to increase in weight due to absorption of moisture from perspiration, lowering players’ performance. Herein, combinations of 3D-printed perforated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer sheets and 3D-knitted fabrics with honeycomb structures as cushioning materials were investigated to balance better wearing feel and mechanical properties. The flexural strength, weight, and shock absorption ability of, and air flow rate through, the ABS sheets with five different perforation patterns were evaluated and compared with those of conventional FG materials comprising a combination of polycaprolactone sheets for the medical splint and polychloroprene rubber for the cushioning material. The ABS sheets having 10% open area and 2.52 mm round holes, combined with knitted fabric cushioning, exhibited the requisite shock absorbing, higher air permeability, and lower weight properties than the conventional materials. Our results suggest that FGs fabricated using combinations of 3D-printed perforated ABS polymer sheets and 3D-knitted fabrics with honeycomb structures may impart enhanced wearing comfort for athletes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1879face guard3D-printed polymer3D-knitted fabricflexural strengthshock absorption abilityair permeability |
| spellingShingle | Thet Khaing Aung Hiroshi Churei Gen Tanabe Rio Kinjo Kaito Togawa Chenyuan Li Yumi Tsuchida Phyu Sin Tun Shwe Hlaing Hidekazu Takahashi Toshiaki Ueno Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications Polymers face guard 3D-printed polymer 3D-knitted fabric flexural strength shock absorption ability air permeability |
| title | Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications |
| title_full | Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications |
| title_fullStr | Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications |
| title_short | Air Permeability, Shock Absorption Ability, and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Perforated ABS Polymer Sheets with 3D-Knitted Fabric Cushioning for Sports Face Guard Applications |
| title_sort | air permeability shock absorption ability and flexural strength of 3d printed perforated abs polymer sheets with 3d knitted fabric cushioning for sports face guard applications |
| topic | face guard 3D-printed polymer 3D-knitted fabric flexural strength shock absorption ability air permeability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/11/1879 |
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