Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, encompasses a spectrum of clinical conditions and poses a significant risk of infection to over one billion people worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian sub-continent (ISC), where the causative parasite is <i>Leishmania donovani</i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2989 |
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| author | Sachee Bhanu Piyasiri Rajika Dewasurendra Nilakshi Samaranayake Nadira Karunaweera |
| author_facet | Sachee Bhanu Piyasiri Rajika Dewasurendra Nilakshi Samaranayake Nadira Karunaweera |
| author_sort | Sachee Bhanu Piyasiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, encompasses a spectrum of clinical conditions and poses a significant risk of infection to over one billion people worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian sub-continent (ISC), where the causative parasite is <i>Leishmania donovani</i>, is targeted for elimination by 2025, with some countries already reaching such targets. Other clinical phenotypes due to the same species could act as a reservoir of parasites and thus pose a challenge to successful control and elimination. Sri Lanka has consistently reported cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to <i>L. donovani</i> as the primary disease presentation over several decades. Similar findings of atypical phenotypes of <i>L. donovani</i> have also been reported from several other countries/regions in the Old World. In this review, we discuss the applicability of different methods in diagnosing CL due to <i>L. donovani</i> and a comprehensive assessment of diagnostic methods spanning clinical, microscopic, molecular, and immunological approaches. By incorporating evidence from Sri Lanka and other regions on <i>L. donovani</i>-related CL, we thoroughly evaluate the accuracy, feasibility, and relevance of these diagnostic tools. We also discuss the challenges and complexities linked to diagnosing CL and review novel approaches and their applicability for detecting CL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:51:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-256fd1895ab04d9eb3f12ef518e0b785 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:51:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-256fd1895ab04d9eb3f12ef518e0b7852023-11-19T10:14:22ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-09-011318298910.3390/diagnostics13182989Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative ReviewSachee Bhanu Piyasiri0Rajika Dewasurendra1Nilakshi Samaranayake2Nadira Karunaweera3Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 0800, Sri LankaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 0800, Sri LankaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 0800, Sri LankaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 0800, Sri LankaLeishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, encompasses a spectrum of clinical conditions and poses a significant risk of infection to over one billion people worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian sub-continent (ISC), where the causative parasite is <i>Leishmania donovani</i>, is targeted for elimination by 2025, with some countries already reaching such targets. Other clinical phenotypes due to the same species could act as a reservoir of parasites and thus pose a challenge to successful control and elimination. Sri Lanka has consistently reported cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to <i>L. donovani</i> as the primary disease presentation over several decades. Similar findings of atypical phenotypes of <i>L. donovani</i> have also been reported from several other countries/regions in the Old World. In this review, we discuss the applicability of different methods in diagnosing CL due to <i>L. donovani</i> and a comprehensive assessment of diagnostic methods spanning clinical, microscopic, molecular, and immunological approaches. By incorporating evidence from Sri Lanka and other regions on <i>L. donovani</i>-related CL, we thoroughly evaluate the accuracy, feasibility, and relevance of these diagnostic tools. We also discuss the challenges and complexities linked to diagnosing CL and review novel approaches and their applicability for detecting CL.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2989cutaneous leishmaniasis<i>Leishmania donovani</i>skin lesionsmicroscopymolecular diagnosisimmunological diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Sachee Bhanu Piyasiri Rajika Dewasurendra Nilakshi Samaranayake Nadira Karunaweera Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review Diagnostics cutaneous leishmaniasis <i>Leishmania donovani</i> skin lesions microscopy molecular diagnosis immunological diagnosis |
| title | Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Diagnostic Tools for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania donovani</i>: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | diagnostic tools for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by i leishmania donovani i a narrative review |
| topic | cutaneous leishmaniasis <i>Leishmania donovani</i> skin lesions microscopy molecular diagnosis immunological diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2989 |
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