Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms
Depression is a common psychiatric disease caused by various factors, manifesting with continuous low spirits, with its precise mechanism being unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is receiving more attention as a possible cause of depression. Many studies focused on the mechanisms underlying how ELS le...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.797755/full |
| _version_ | 1818231577086263296 |
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| author | Xianquan An Xianquan An Wanxu Guo Huiying Wu Xiying Fu Ming Li Yizhi Zhang Yanlin Li Ranji Cui Wei Yang Zhuo Zhang Zhuo Zhang Guoqing Zhao |
| author_facet | Xianquan An Xianquan An Wanxu Guo Huiying Wu Xiying Fu Ming Li Yizhi Zhang Yanlin Li Ranji Cui Wei Yang Zhuo Zhang Zhuo Zhang Guoqing Zhao |
| author_sort | Xianquan An |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Depression is a common psychiatric disease caused by various factors, manifesting with continuous low spirits, with its precise mechanism being unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is receiving more attention as a possible cause of depression. Many studies focused on the mechanisms underlying how ELS leads to changes in sex hormones, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, and epigenetics. The adverse effects of ELS on adulthood are mainly dependent on the time window when stress occurs, sex and the developmental stage when evaluating the impacts. Therefore, with regard to the exact sex differences of adult depression, we found that ELS could lead to sex-differentiated depression through multiple mechanisms, including 5-HT, sex hormone, HPA axis, and epigenetics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:52:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2573e248186540debfe4f679745c32a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:52:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-2573e248186540debfe4f679745c32a52022-12-22T00:26:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2022-05-011610.3389/fnins.2022.797755797755Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related MechanismsXianquan An0Xianquan An1Wanxu Guo2Huiying Wu3Xiying Fu4Ming Li5Yizhi Zhang6Yanlin Li7Ranji Cui8Wei Yang9Zhuo Zhang10Zhuo Zhang11Guoqing Zhao12Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepression is a common psychiatric disease caused by various factors, manifesting with continuous low spirits, with its precise mechanism being unclear. Early life stress (ELS) is receiving more attention as a possible cause of depression. Many studies focused on the mechanisms underlying how ELS leads to changes in sex hormones, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis function, and epigenetics. The adverse effects of ELS on adulthood are mainly dependent on the time window when stress occurs, sex and the developmental stage when evaluating the impacts. Therefore, with regard to the exact sex differences of adult depression, we found that ELS could lead to sex-differentiated depression through multiple mechanisms, including 5-HT, sex hormone, HPA axis, and epigenetics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.797755/full5-HTsex hormoneHPA axisepigeneticsdepression |
| spellingShingle | Xianquan An Xianquan An Wanxu Guo Huiying Wu Xiying Fu Ming Li Yizhi Zhang Yanlin Li Ranji Cui Wei Yang Zhuo Zhang Zhuo Zhang Guoqing Zhao Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms Frontiers in Neuroscience 5-HT sex hormone HPA axis epigenetics depression |
| title | Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms |
| title_full | Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms |
| title_short | Sex Differences in Depression Caused by Early Life Stress and Related Mechanisms |
| title_sort | sex differences in depression caused by early life stress and related mechanisms |
| topic | 5-HT sex hormone HPA axis epigenetics depression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.797755/full |
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