Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay
For real-time (RT) precise point positioning (PPP), the state space representation (SSR) information is often delayed due to possible communication delays and specific broadcast intervals. In this case, the positioning results will diverge and re-converge due to the increase of SSR products extrapol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1213 |
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| author | Xuefeng Mu Li Wang Bao Shu Yunqing Tian Xinrui Li Tijun Lei Guanwen Huang Qin Zhang |
| author_facet | Xuefeng Mu Li Wang Bao Shu Yunqing Tian Xinrui Li Tijun Lei Guanwen Huang Qin Zhang |
| author_sort | Xuefeng Mu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For real-time (RT) precise point positioning (PPP), the state space representation (SSR) information is often delayed due to possible communication delays and specific broadcast intervals. In this case, the positioning results will diverge and re-converge due to the increase of SSR products extrapolation errors. In addition, RT orbit and clock offset accuracy, as well as their extrapolation errors, will vary in different systems and satellites. We propose a PPP with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) method that combines a time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP) model, in which the characteristics of the orbit and clock are considered. Under normal communication, the PPP-AR solution is obtained by fixing satellites with small SSR product errors. When the communication is abnormal, the TDCP model is utilized to extrapolate user coordinates by considering different extrapolation error characteristics of satellites. The experimental results show that GPS and Galileo SSR products have better accuracy than BDS, with signal-in-space user ranger errors (SISREs) of 2.7, 2.2, and 8.6 cm, respectively. Optimizing the PPP stochastic model based on SISREs can effectively reduce the convergence time. Under 5 min SSR delay, SISREs caused by clock and orbit extrapolation for GPS/Galileo/BDS are 3.5, 1.4, and 2.6 cm, respectively. After optimizing the TDCP stochastic model based on extrapolation errors, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracies can be maintained at 0.7 cm and 5.0 cm. For multi-GNSS, the combination of the TDCP and PPP-AR can overcome the influence of short delay. After optimizing the stochastic model, the GPS/Galileo/BDS positioning accuracy can be maintained at about 2.4 cm under 3 min delay, showing an accuracy improvement rate of 59.3% compared with the traditional method using only PPP. Additionally, the rapid PPP convergence results can be obtained by inheriting previous filter state information when the communication recovers normally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:35:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-258795ac6027471c8ad8cec1a39adaa9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-258795ac6027471c8ad8cec1a39adaa92024-04-12T13:25:38ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-03-01167121310.3390/rs16071213Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR DelayXuefeng Mu0Li Wang1Bao Shu2Yunqing Tian3Xinrui Li4Tijun Lei5Guanwen Huang6Qin Zhang7College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaFor real-time (RT) precise point positioning (PPP), the state space representation (SSR) information is often delayed due to possible communication delays and specific broadcast intervals. In this case, the positioning results will diverge and re-converge due to the increase of SSR products extrapolation errors. In addition, RT orbit and clock offset accuracy, as well as their extrapolation errors, will vary in different systems and satellites. We propose a PPP with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) method that combines a time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP) model, in which the characteristics of the orbit and clock are considered. Under normal communication, the PPP-AR solution is obtained by fixing satellites with small SSR product errors. When the communication is abnormal, the TDCP model is utilized to extrapolate user coordinates by considering different extrapolation error characteristics of satellites. The experimental results show that GPS and Galileo SSR products have better accuracy than BDS, with signal-in-space user ranger errors (SISREs) of 2.7, 2.2, and 8.6 cm, respectively. Optimizing the PPP stochastic model based on SISREs can effectively reduce the convergence time. Under 5 min SSR delay, SISREs caused by clock and orbit extrapolation for GPS/Galileo/BDS are 3.5, 1.4, and 2.6 cm, respectively. After optimizing the TDCP stochastic model based on extrapolation errors, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracies can be maintained at 0.7 cm and 5.0 cm. For multi-GNSS, the combination of the TDCP and PPP-AR can overcome the influence of short delay. After optimizing the stochastic model, the GPS/Galileo/BDS positioning accuracy can be maintained at about 2.4 cm under 3 min delay, showing an accuracy improvement rate of 59.3% compared with the traditional method using only PPP. Additionally, the rapid PPP convergence results can be obtained by inheriting previous filter state information when the communication recovers normally.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1213multi-GNSSSSR delayreal-time positioningPPP-ARtime-differenced carrier phase |
| spellingShingle | Xuefeng Mu Li Wang Bao Shu Yunqing Tian Xinrui Li Tijun Lei Guanwen Huang Qin Zhang Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay Remote Sensing multi-GNSS SSR delay real-time positioning PPP-AR time-differenced carrier phase |
| title | Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay |
| title_full | Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay |
| title_fullStr | Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay |
| title_short | Performance Analysis of Multi-GNSS Real-Time PPP-AR Positioning Considering SSR Delay |
| title_sort | performance analysis of multi gnss real time ppp ar positioning considering ssr delay |
| topic | multi-GNSS SSR delay real-time positioning PPP-AR time-differenced carrier phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/7/1213 |
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