Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter <i>M.tb</i>, and their response dicta...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1153 |
| _version_ | 1827648367509897216 |
|---|---|
| author | Jan D. Simper Esteban Perez Larry S. Schlesinger Abul K. Azad |
| author_facet | Jan D. Simper Esteban Perez Larry S. Schlesinger Abul K. Azad |
| author_sort | Jan D. Simper |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter <i>M.tb</i>, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophages exert a variety of immune factors involved in either controlling or promoting the growth of <i>M.tb</i>. Research on this topic has been performed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models with discrepant results in some cases based on the model of study. Herein, we review macrophage resistance and susceptibility immune factors, focusing primarily on recent advances in the field. We include macrophage cellular pathways, bioeffector proteins and molecules, cytokines and chemokines, associated microbiological factors and bacterial strains, and host genetic factors in innate immune genes. Recent advances in mechanisms underlying macrophage resistance and susceptibility factors will aid in the successful development of host-directed therapeutics, a topic emphasized throughout this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-258aff3045d8444fa7bc6d1187b52ad6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:37:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-258aff3045d8444fa7bc6d1187b52ad62023-11-24T01:48:51ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-10-011110115310.3390/pathogens11101153Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of MacrophagesJan D. Simper0Esteban Perez1Larry S. Schlesinger2Abul K. Azad3Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USAHost-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USAHost-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USAHost-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USATuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter <i>M.tb</i>, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophages exert a variety of immune factors involved in either controlling or promoting the growth of <i>M.tb</i>. Research on this topic has been performed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models with discrepant results in some cases based on the model of study. Herein, we review macrophage resistance and susceptibility immune factors, focusing primarily on recent advances in the field. We include macrophage cellular pathways, bioeffector proteins and molecules, cytokines and chemokines, associated microbiological factors and bacterial strains, and host genetic factors in innate immune genes. Recent advances in mechanisms underlying macrophage resistance and susceptibility factors will aid in the successful development of host-directed therapeutics, a topic emphasized throughout this review.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1153tuberculosismacrophagesmouse modelinnate immunityhost defensehost genetic variation |
| spellingShingle | Jan D. Simper Esteban Perez Larry S. Schlesinger Abul K. Azad Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages Pathogens tuberculosis macrophages mouse model innate immunity host defense host genetic variation |
| title | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages |
| title_full | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages |
| title_short | Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection of Macrophages |
| title_sort | resistance and susceptibility immune factors at play during i mycobacterium tuberculosis i infection of macrophages |
| topic | tuberculosis macrophages mouse model innate immunity host defense host genetic variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/10/1153 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jandsimper resistanceandsusceptibilityimmunefactorsatplayduringimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectionofmacrophages AT estebanperez resistanceandsusceptibilityimmunefactorsatplayduringimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectionofmacrophages AT larrysschlesinger resistanceandsusceptibilityimmunefactorsatplayduringimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectionofmacrophages AT abulkazad resistanceandsusceptibilityimmunefactorsatplayduringimycobacteriumtuberculosisiinfectionofmacrophages |