| Summary: | Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumors’ (D-TGCTs) intra- and extra-articular expansion about the knee often necessitates an anterior and posterior surgical approach to facilitate an extensive synovectomy. There is no consensus on whether two-sided synovectomies should be performed in one or two stages. This retrospective study included 191 D-TGCT patients from nine sarcoma centers worldwide to compare the postoperative short-term outcomes between both treatments. Secondary outcomes were rates of radiological progression and subsequent treatments. Between 2000 and 2020, 117 patients underwent one-stage and 74 patients underwent two-stage synovectomies. The maximum range of motion achieved within one year postoperatively was similar (flexion 123–120°, <i>p</i> = 0.109; extension 0°, <i>p</i> = 0.093). Patients undergoing two-stage synovectomies stayed longer in the hospital (6 vs. 4 days, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Complications occurred more often after two-stage synovectomies, although this was not statistically different (36% vs. 24%, <i>p</i> = 0.095). Patients treated with two-stage synovectomies exhibited more radiological progression and required subsequent treatments more often than patients treated with one-stage synovectomies (52% vs. 37%, <i>p</i> = 0.036) (54% vs. 34%, <i>p</i> = 0.007). In conclusion, D-TGCT of the knee requiring two-side synovectomies should be treated by one-stage synovectomies if feasible, since patients achieve a similar range of motion, do not have more complications, but stay for a shorter time in the hospital.
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