An updated emission inventory of vehicular VOCs and IVOCs in China
Currently, the emission inventory of vehicular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of those with the largest errors and uncertainties due to suboptimal estimation methods and the lack of first-hand basic data. In this study, an updated speciated emission inventory of VOCs and an estimation...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/12709/2017/acp-17-12709-2017.pdf |
| Summary: | Currently, the emission
inventory of vehicular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of those with
the largest errors and uncertainties due to suboptimal estimation methods and
the lack of first-hand basic data. In this study, an updated speciated
emission inventory of VOCs and an estimation of
intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) from vehicles in China at
the provincial level for the year of 2015 are developed based on a set of
state-of-the-art methods and an abundance of local measurement data. Activity
data for light-duty vehicles are derived from trajectories of more than
70 000 cars for 1 year. The annual mileage of trucks are calculated from
reported data by more than 2 million trucks in China. The emission profiles
are updated using measurement data. Vehicular tailpipe emissions (VTEs) and
four types of vehicular evaporation emissions (VEEs), including refueling,
hot soak, diurnal and running loss, are taken into account. Results show that
the total vehicular VOC emissions in China are 4.21 Tg (with a 95 %
confidence interval range from 2.90 to 6.54 Tg) and the IVOC emissions are
200.37 Gg in 2015. VTEs are still the predominant contributor, while VEEs
are responsible for 39.20 % of VOC emissions. The control of VEEs is yet
to be optimized in China. Among VTEs, passenger vehicles emissions have the
largest share (49.86 %), followed by trucks (28.15 %) and motorcycles
(21.99 %). Among VEEs, running loss is the largest contributor
(81.05 %). For both VTEs and VEEs, Guangdong, Shandong and Jiangsu
province are three of the highest, with a respective contribution of 10.66,
8.85 and 6.54 % to the total amounts of VOCs from vehicles. 97 VOC
species are analyzed in this VOC emission inventory. <i>i</i>-Pentane, toluene and
formaldehyde are found to be the most abundant species in China's vehicular
VOC emissions. The estimated IVOCs are another <q>inconvenient truth</q>,
concluding that precursor emissions for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from
vehicles are much larger than previously estimated. |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |