Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats
Blast overpressure has become an increasing cause of brain injuries in both military and civilian populations. Though blast's direct effects on the cochlea and vestibular organs are active areas of study, little attention has been given to the ear's contribution to the overall spectrum of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Otology |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672293017301186 |
| _version_ | 1818450250879205376 |
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| author | David S. Sandlin Yue Yu Jun Huang Chunming Zhang Alberto A. Arteaga John K. Lippincott Erin O.H. Peeden Ryan R. Guyton Lan Chen Laura L.S. Beneke Jerome C. Allison Hong Zhu Wu Zhou |
| author_facet | David S. Sandlin Yue Yu Jun Huang Chunming Zhang Alberto A. Arteaga John K. Lippincott Erin O.H. Peeden Ryan R. Guyton Lan Chen Laura L.S. Beneke Jerome C. Allison Hong Zhu Wu Zhou |
| author_sort | David S. Sandlin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blast overpressure has become an increasing cause of brain injuries in both military and civilian populations. Though blast's direct effects on the cochlea and vestibular organs are active areas of study, little attention has been given to the ear's contribution to the overall spectrum of blast injury. Acute autonomic responses to blast exposure, including bradycardia and hypotension, can cause hypoxia and contribute to blast-induced neurotrauma. Existing literature suggests that these autonomic responses are elicited through blast impacting the thorax and lungs. We hypothesize that the unprotected ear also provides a vulnerable locus for blast to cause autonomic responses. We designed a blast generator that delivers controlled overpressure waves into the ear canal without impacting surrounding tissues in order to study the ear's specific contribution to blast injury. Anesthetized adult rats' left ears were exposed to a single blast wave ranging from 0 to 110 PSI (0–758 kPa). Blast exposed rats exhibited decreased heart rates and blood pressures with increased blast intensity, similar to results gathered using shock tubes and whole-body exposure in the literature. While rats exposed to blasts below 50 PSI (345 kPa) exhibited increased respiratory rate with increased blast intensity, some rats exposed to blasts higher than 50 PSI (345 kPa) stopped breathing immediately and ultimately died. These autonomic responses were significantly reduced in vagally denervated rats, again similar to whole-body exposure literature. These results support the hypothesis that the unprotected ear contributes to the autonomic responses to blast. Keywords: Blast waves, Autonomic responses, Ear, Neurotrauma |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:48:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25a7e632766d4e53bc308c8e8981492c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1672-2930 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:48:19Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Otology |
| spelling | doaj.art-25a7e632766d4e53bc308c8e8981492c2022-12-21T22:47:55ZengElsevierJournal of Otology1672-29302018-06-011324453Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in ratsDavid S. Sandlin0Yue Yu1Jun Huang2Chunming Zhang3Alberto A. Arteaga4John K. Lippincott5Erin O.H. Peeden6Ryan R. Guyton7Lan Chen8Laura L.S. Beneke9Jerome C. Allison10Hong Zhu11Wu Zhou12Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USADepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USADepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USADepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang S Rd, Yingze Qu, Taiyuan Shi, Shanxi Sheng, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USASchool of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USASchool of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USAGraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USASummer Undergraduate Research Experience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USASchool of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USADepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USADepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USADepartment of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Corresponding author. Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216.Blast overpressure has become an increasing cause of brain injuries in both military and civilian populations. Though blast's direct effects on the cochlea and vestibular organs are active areas of study, little attention has been given to the ear's contribution to the overall spectrum of blast injury. Acute autonomic responses to blast exposure, including bradycardia and hypotension, can cause hypoxia and contribute to blast-induced neurotrauma. Existing literature suggests that these autonomic responses are elicited through blast impacting the thorax and lungs. We hypothesize that the unprotected ear also provides a vulnerable locus for blast to cause autonomic responses. We designed a blast generator that delivers controlled overpressure waves into the ear canal without impacting surrounding tissues in order to study the ear's specific contribution to blast injury. Anesthetized adult rats' left ears were exposed to a single blast wave ranging from 0 to 110 PSI (0–758 kPa). Blast exposed rats exhibited decreased heart rates and blood pressures with increased blast intensity, similar to results gathered using shock tubes and whole-body exposure in the literature. While rats exposed to blasts below 50 PSI (345 kPa) exhibited increased respiratory rate with increased blast intensity, some rats exposed to blasts higher than 50 PSI (345 kPa) stopped breathing immediately and ultimately died. These autonomic responses were significantly reduced in vagally denervated rats, again similar to whole-body exposure literature. These results support the hypothesis that the unprotected ear contributes to the autonomic responses to blast. Keywords: Blast waves, Autonomic responses, Ear, Neurotraumahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672293017301186 |
| spellingShingle | David S. Sandlin Yue Yu Jun Huang Chunming Zhang Alberto A. Arteaga John K. Lippincott Erin O.H. Peeden Ryan R. Guyton Lan Chen Laura L.S. Beneke Jerome C. Allison Hong Zhu Wu Zhou Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats Journal of Otology |
| title | Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats |
| title_full | Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats |
| title_fullStr | Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats |
| title_short | Autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats |
| title_sort | autonomic responses to blast overpressure can be elicited by exclusively exposing the ear in rats |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672293017301186 |
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