Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of maltol as a postbiotic on innate immunity, gut health, and enteric infection. In the first study, an in vitro culture system was used to evaluate the effects of maltol on the innate immune response of chicken macrophage cells (CMC), gut integrity...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.667425/full |
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| author | Inkyung Park Doyun Goo Hyoyoun Nam Samiru S. Wickramasuriya Kichoon Lee Noah P. Zimmerman Alexandra H. Smith Thomas G. Rehberger Hyun S. Lillehoj |
| author_facet | Inkyung Park Doyun Goo Hyoyoun Nam Samiru S. Wickramasuriya Kichoon Lee Noah P. Zimmerman Alexandra H. Smith Thomas G. Rehberger Hyun S. Lillehoj |
| author_sort | Inkyung Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of maltol as a postbiotic on innate immunity, gut health, and enteric infection. In the first study, an in vitro culture system was used to evaluate the effects of maltol on the innate immune response of chicken macrophage cells (CMC), gut integrity of chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), anti-parasitic activity against Eimeria maxima, and differentiation of quail muscle cells (QMC) and primary chicken embryonic muscle cells (PMC). All cells seeded in the 24-well plates were treated with maltol at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg. CMC and IEC were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to induce an innate immune response, and QMC and PMC were treated with 0.5 and 2% fetal bovine serum, respectively. After 18 h of incubation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins (TJPs), and muscle cell growth markers were measured. In the second study, the dietary effect of maltol was evaluated on disease parameters in broiler chickens infected with E. maxima. Eighty male 1-day-old broiler chickens were allocated into the following four treatment groups: (1) Control group without infection, (2) Basal diet with E. maxima, (3) High maltol (HI; 10.0 mg /kg feed) with E. maxima, and (4) Low maltol (LO; 1.0 mg/kg feed) with E. maxima. Body weights (BW) were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 20, and 22. All chickens except the CON group were orally infected with 104E. maxima per chicken on day 14. Jejunum samples were collected for gut lesion scoring, and the gene expression of cytokines and TJPs. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. In vitro, maltol not only increased TJPs in IEC and cytokines in the LPS-stimulated CMC but also showed direct cytotoxicity against sporozoites of E. maxima. In vivo, the HI group improved the BW, reduced the gut lesion scores and fecal oocyst shedding, and decreased jejunal TNFSF15 and IL-1β expression in E. maxima-infected chickens. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of dietary maltol in the enhancement of growth performance, gut health, and coccidiosis resistance and the applicability of maltol as a postbiotic for the replacement of antibiotic growth promoters in commercial poultry production. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:12:10Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-25ac4a1fd2f940458b701022d8b00eda2022-12-21T21:29:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-05-01810.3389/fvets.2021.667425667425Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maximaInkyung Park0Doyun Goo1Hyoyoun Nam2Samiru S. Wickramasuriya3Kichoon Lee4Noah P. Zimmerman5Alexandra H. Smith6Thomas G. Rehberger7Hyun S. Lillehoj8Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United StatesAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United StatesAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United StatesAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United StatesDepartment of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesArm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI, United StatesArm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI, United StatesArm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI, United StatesAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United StatesTwo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of maltol as a postbiotic on innate immunity, gut health, and enteric infection. In the first study, an in vitro culture system was used to evaluate the effects of maltol on the innate immune response of chicken macrophage cells (CMC), gut integrity of chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), anti-parasitic activity against Eimeria maxima, and differentiation of quail muscle cells (QMC) and primary chicken embryonic muscle cells (PMC). All cells seeded in the 24-well plates were treated with maltol at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg. CMC and IEC were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to induce an innate immune response, and QMC and PMC were treated with 0.5 and 2% fetal bovine serum, respectively. After 18 h of incubation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins (TJPs), and muscle cell growth markers were measured. In the second study, the dietary effect of maltol was evaluated on disease parameters in broiler chickens infected with E. maxima. Eighty male 1-day-old broiler chickens were allocated into the following four treatment groups: (1) Control group without infection, (2) Basal diet with E. maxima, (3) High maltol (HI; 10.0 mg /kg feed) with E. maxima, and (4) Low maltol (LO; 1.0 mg/kg feed) with E. maxima. Body weights (BW) were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 20, and 22. All chickens except the CON group were orally infected with 104E. maxima per chicken on day 14. Jejunum samples were collected for gut lesion scoring, and the gene expression of cytokines and TJPs. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. In vitro, maltol not only increased TJPs in IEC and cytokines in the LPS-stimulated CMC but also showed direct cytotoxicity against sporozoites of E. maxima. In vivo, the HI group improved the BW, reduced the gut lesion scores and fecal oocyst shedding, and decreased jejunal TNFSF15 and IL-1β expression in E. maxima-infected chickens. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of dietary maltol in the enhancement of growth performance, gut health, and coccidiosis resistance and the applicability of maltol as a postbiotic for the replacement of antibiotic growth promoters in commercial poultry production.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.667425/fullbroiler chickensEimeria maximagrowth performancegut healthmaltolmetabolites |
| spellingShingle | Inkyung Park Doyun Goo Hyoyoun Nam Samiru S. Wickramasuriya Kichoon Lee Noah P. Zimmerman Alexandra H. Smith Thomas G. Rehberger Hyun S. Lillehoj Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima Frontiers in Veterinary Science broiler chickens Eimeria maxima growth performance gut health maltol metabolites |
| title | Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima |
| title_full | Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima |
| title_short | Effects of Dietary Maltol on Innate Immunity, Gut Health, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima |
| title_sort | effects of dietary maltol on innate immunity gut health and growth performance of broiler chickens challenged with eimeria maxima |
| topic | broiler chickens Eimeria maxima growth performance gut health maltol metabolites |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.667425/full |
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