Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries
Lemon essential oil (LEO) is known for its aromatic and healthy properties; however, less consideration is given to the biological properties of the fractions obtained from LEO. This study aims to evaluate the ability of a citral-enriched fraction obtained from LEO (Cfr-LEO) to counteract lipopolysa...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/12/1535 |
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| author | Roberta Gasparro Marzia Pucci Elisa Costanzo Ornella Urzì Vincenza Tinnirello Marta Moschetti Alice Conigliaro Stefania Raimondo Valeria Corleone Simona Fontana Riccardo Alessandro |
| author_facet | Roberta Gasparro Marzia Pucci Elisa Costanzo Ornella Urzì Vincenza Tinnirello Marta Moschetti Alice Conigliaro Stefania Raimondo Valeria Corleone Simona Fontana Riccardo Alessandro |
| author_sort | Roberta Gasparro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lemon essential oil (LEO) is known for its aromatic and healthy properties; however, less consideration is given to the biological properties of the fractions obtained from LEO. This study aims to evaluate the ability of a citral-enriched fraction obtained from LEO (Cfr-LEO) to counteract lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in healthy human hepatocytes. Human immortalized hepatocytes (THLE-2 cell line) were pretreated with Cfr-LEO and subsequently exposed to LPS at various time points. We report that the pretreatment with Cfr-LEO counteracts LPS-mediated effects by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in THLE-2. In particular, we found that pretreatment with Cfr-LEO reduced NF-κB activation and the subsequent proinflammatory cytokines release, ROS production, and NRF2 and p53 expression. Furthermore, the pretreatment with Cfr-LEO showed its beneficial effect in counteracting LPS-induced EMT. Taken together, these results support Cfr-LEO application in the nutraceutical research field not only for its organoleptic properties, conferred by citral enrichment, but also for its biological activity. Our study could lay the basis for the development of foods/drinks enriched with Cfr-LEO, aimed at preventing or alleviating chronic conditions associated with liver dysfunction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:58:26Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-25b516fc14be4a00be37fb09cb5822022023-12-22T13:54:34ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-12-011212153510.3390/biology12121535Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte InjuriesRoberta Gasparro0Marzia Pucci1Elisa Costanzo2Ornella Urzì3Vincenza Tinnirello4Marta Moschetti5Alice Conigliaro6Stefania Raimondo7Valeria Corleone8Simona Fontana9Riccardo Alessandro10Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyAgrumaria Corleone s.p.a., Via S. Corleone, 12—Zona Ind. Brancaccio, 90124 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology, Via Divisi 83, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyLemon essential oil (LEO) is known for its aromatic and healthy properties; however, less consideration is given to the biological properties of the fractions obtained from LEO. This study aims to evaluate the ability of a citral-enriched fraction obtained from LEO (Cfr-LEO) to counteract lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in healthy human hepatocytes. Human immortalized hepatocytes (THLE-2 cell line) were pretreated with Cfr-LEO and subsequently exposed to LPS at various time points. We report that the pretreatment with Cfr-LEO counteracts LPS-mediated effects by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in THLE-2. In particular, we found that pretreatment with Cfr-LEO reduced NF-κB activation and the subsequent proinflammatory cytokines release, ROS production, and NRF2 and p53 expression. Furthermore, the pretreatment with Cfr-LEO showed its beneficial effect in counteracting LPS-induced EMT. Taken together, these results support Cfr-LEO application in the nutraceutical research field not only for its organoleptic properties, conferred by citral enrichment, but also for its biological activity. Our study could lay the basis for the development of foods/drinks enriched with Cfr-LEO, aimed at preventing or alleviating chronic conditions associated with liver dysfunction.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/12/1535lemon essential oillipopolysaccharidehepatocytesinflammationoxidative stressepithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| spellingShingle | Roberta Gasparro Marzia Pucci Elisa Costanzo Ornella Urzì Vincenza Tinnirello Marta Moschetti Alice Conigliaro Stefania Raimondo Valeria Corleone Simona Fontana Riccardo Alessandro Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries Biology lemon essential oil lipopolysaccharide hepatocytes inflammation oxidative stress epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| title | Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries |
| title_full | Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries |
| title_fullStr | Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries |
| title_short | Citral-Enriched Fraction of Lemon Essential Oil Mitigates LPS-Induced Hepatocyte Injuries |
| title_sort | citral enriched fraction of lemon essential oil mitigates lps induced hepatocyte injuries |
| topic | lemon essential oil lipopolysaccharide hepatocytes inflammation oxidative stress epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/12/1535 |
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