Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems
Traditional rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production by flooding is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially methane. The high consumption of water, as well as the chemical and physical degradation caused by these traditional practices in rice soils, is promoting a decrease in rice...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3454 |
| _version_ | 1797455636226637824 |
|---|---|
| author | Damián Fernández-Rodríguez David Paulo Fangueiro David Peña Abades Ángel Albarrán Jose Manuel Rato-Nunes Carmén Martín-Franco Jaime Terrón-Sánchez Luis Andrés Vicente Antonio López-Piñeiro |
| author_facet | Damián Fernández-Rodríguez David Paulo Fangueiro David Peña Abades Ángel Albarrán Jose Manuel Rato-Nunes Carmén Martín-Franco Jaime Terrón-Sánchez Luis Andrés Vicente Antonio López-Piñeiro |
| author_sort | Damián Fernández-Rodríguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditional rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production by flooding is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially methane. The high consumption of water, as well as the chemical and physical degradation caused by these traditional practices in rice soils, is promoting a decrease in rice production in the Mediterranean area. The aim of this study was to monitor GHG emissions and the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) from rice produced with sprinkler irrigation techniques and also assess the impact of olive mill waste compost (C-OW) application and tillage on GHG emissions and the NECB. A field experiment for irrigated rice production was implemented by considering four different treatments: (1) tillage (T); (2) no tillage—direct seeding techniques (DS); (3) application of C-OW followed by tillage (TC); and (4) application of C-OW followed by direct seeding (DSC). The C-OW was only applied in the first year at a dose of 80 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>. GHG emissions were monitored over three years in these four treatments in order to estimate the direct (first year) and residual (third year) effects of such practices. The application of C-OW caused an increase of 1.85 times the emission of CO<sub>2</sub>-C in the TC-DSC compared to the T-DS in the first year. It is noteworthy that the TC treatment was the only one that maintained an emission of CO<sub>2</sub>-C that was 42% higher than T in the third year. Regardless of the treatments and year of the study, negative values for the cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> were found, suggesting that under sprinkler irrigation, CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation was the dominant process. A decrease in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions was observed under direct seeding relative to the tillage treatments, although without significant differences. Tillage resulted in an increase in the global warming potential (<i>GWP</i>) of up to 31% with respect to direct seeding management in the third year, as a consequence of the greater carbon oxidation caused by intensive tillage. DS presented a positive NECB in the accumulation of C in the soil; therefore, it provided a greater ecological benefit to the environment. Thus, under Mediterranean conditions, rice production through a sprinkler irrigation system in combination with direct seeding techniques may be a sustainable alternative for rice crops, reducing their <i>GWP</i> and resulting in a lower carbon footprint. However, the use of C-OW as an organic amendment could increase the GHG emissions from rice fields irrigated by sprinklers, especially under tillage conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25b7fb126f2549aba124d17d8fd589f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-25b7fb126f2549aba124d17d8fd589f52023-11-24T17:27:33ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-011124345410.3390/plants11243454Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage SystemsDamián Fernández-Rodríguez0David Paulo Fangueiro1David Peña Abades2Ángel Albarrán3Jose Manuel Rato-Nunes4Carmén Martín-Franco5Jaime Terrón-Sánchez6Luis Andrés Vicente7Antonio López-Piñeiro8Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, SpainLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalÁrea de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra de Cáceres, 06071 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, SpainInstituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, 7300-110 Portalegre, PortugalÁrea de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias—IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, SpainTraditional rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production by flooding is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG), especially methane. The high consumption of water, as well as the chemical and physical degradation caused by these traditional practices in rice soils, is promoting a decrease in rice production in the Mediterranean area. The aim of this study was to monitor GHG emissions and the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) from rice produced with sprinkler irrigation techniques and also assess the impact of olive mill waste compost (C-OW) application and tillage on GHG emissions and the NECB. A field experiment for irrigated rice production was implemented by considering four different treatments: (1) tillage (T); (2) no tillage—direct seeding techniques (DS); (3) application of C-OW followed by tillage (TC); and (4) application of C-OW followed by direct seeding (DSC). The C-OW was only applied in the first year at a dose of 80 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>. GHG emissions were monitored over three years in these four treatments in order to estimate the direct (first year) and residual (third year) effects of such practices. The application of C-OW caused an increase of 1.85 times the emission of CO<sub>2</sub>-C in the TC-DSC compared to the T-DS in the first year. It is noteworthy that the TC treatment was the only one that maintained an emission of CO<sub>2</sub>-C that was 42% higher than T in the third year. Regardless of the treatments and year of the study, negative values for the cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> were found, suggesting that under sprinkler irrigation, CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation was the dominant process. A decrease in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions was observed under direct seeding relative to the tillage treatments, although without significant differences. Tillage resulted in an increase in the global warming potential (<i>GWP</i>) of up to 31% with respect to direct seeding management in the third year, as a consequence of the greater carbon oxidation caused by intensive tillage. DS presented a positive NECB in the accumulation of C in the soil; therefore, it provided a greater ecological benefit to the environment. Thus, under Mediterranean conditions, rice production through a sprinkler irrigation system in combination with direct seeding techniques may be a sustainable alternative for rice crops, reducing their <i>GWP</i> and resulting in a lower carbon footprint. However, the use of C-OW as an organic amendment could increase the GHG emissions from rice fields irrigated by sprinklers, especially under tillage conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3454methanenitrous oxidecarbon balancesprinklerorganic amendmentdirect seeding |
| spellingShingle | Damián Fernández-Rodríguez David Paulo Fangueiro David Peña Abades Ángel Albarrán Jose Manuel Rato-Nunes Carmén Martín-Franco Jaime Terrón-Sánchez Luis Andrés Vicente Antonio López-Piñeiro Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems Plants methane nitrous oxide carbon balance sprinkler organic amendment direct seeding |
| title | Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems |
| title_full | Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems |
| title_short | Effects of Combined Use of Olive Mill Waste Compost and Sprinkler Irrigation on GHG Emissions and Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget under Different Tillage Systems |
| title_sort | effects of combined use of olive mill waste compost and sprinkler irrigation on ghg emissions and net ecosystem carbon budget under different tillage systems |
| topic | methane nitrous oxide carbon balance sprinkler organic amendment direct seeding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3454 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT damianfernandezrodriguez effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT davidpaulofangueiro effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT davidpenaabades effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT angelalbarran effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT josemanuelratonunes effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT carmenmartinfranco effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT jaimeterronsanchez effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT luisandresvicente effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems AT antoniolopezpineiro effectsofcombineduseofolivemillwastecompostandsprinklerirrigationonghgemissionsandnetecosystemcarbonbudgetunderdifferenttillagesystems |