Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances
<i>Kandelia obovata</i> (Rhizophoraceae) is the most cold-tolerant mangrove species and has been widely used in coastal wetland ecological restoration due to its specific viviparous phenomenon, beautiful shape, and unique floral pattern. Due to long-term adaptation to their local environ...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/182 |
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| author | Wenzhen Xin Xia An Huizi Liu Shuangshuang Liu Sheng Yang Xin Wei Jiali Zhao Renan Lin Xing Liu Qiuxia Chen |
| author_facet | Wenzhen Xin Xia An Huizi Liu Shuangshuang Liu Sheng Yang Xin Wei Jiali Zhao Renan Lin Xing Liu Qiuxia Chen |
| author_sort | Wenzhen Xin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Kandelia obovata</i> (Rhizophoraceae) is the most cold-tolerant mangrove species and has been widely used in coastal wetland ecological restoration due to its specific viviparous phenomenon, beautiful shape, and unique floral pattern. Due to long-term adaptation to their local environment, the phenotypic characteristics and stress resistance of widely distributed plants of the same species often differentiate across different locations. The capacity for cold resistance is closely linked to the physiological and structural characteristics of plants. Herein, we explored the temporal variations in the leaf structure and physiological status of <i>K. obovata</i> under −5.5 °C from different areas such as Jiulongjiang Estuary (JLJ, 24°25′ N), Fujian Province, and Longgang City (LG, 27°34′ N) and Jiaojiang District (JJ, 28°67′ N), Zhejiang Province. The morphological variations implied that the cold resistance of <i>K. obovata</i> obviously strengthened after the northward migration and acclimatization, in the following order: LG > JJ > JLJ. More specifically, after exposure to a sustained low temperature, the relative conductivity (REC), an index widely used to evaluate the degree of plant damage, remarkably increased from 33.62 ± 2.39 to 63.73 ± 3.81, 31.20 ± 1.63 to 49.48 ± 1.12, and 23.75 ± 0.13 to 54.24 ± 1.45 for JLJ, LG, and JJ, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the palisade-to-spongy tissue ratio (P/I) of JLJ and JJ decreased from 0.78 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.03 to 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.64 ± 0.02 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were found in LG (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The SOD activity of LG significantly kept increasing, with values increased from 352.49 ± 10.38 to 477.65 ± 1.78 U·g<sup>−1</sup>, whereas no apparent changes in JLJ and JJ were observed with the sustained low temperature. The results of this study improved our understanding of the response of <i>K. obovata</i> to freezing stress, which could provide a sound theoretical foundation for cultivating cold-resistant varieties, as well as expanding mangrove plantations in higher latitudes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:20Z |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-25b9c27ce07344f995af82625a9c35cb2024-02-23T15:18:50ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-02-0110218210.3390/horticulturae10020182Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different ProvenancesWenzhen Xin0Xia An1Huizi Liu2Shuangshuang Liu3Sheng Yang4Xin Wei5Jiali Zhao6Renan Lin7Xing Liu8Qiuxia Chen9Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, ChinaZhejiang Xiaoshan Institute of Cotton & Bast Fiber Crops, Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, ChinaJilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaYueqing Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Wenzhou 325600, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory of Resource Plant Innovation and Utilization, Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China<i>Kandelia obovata</i> (Rhizophoraceae) is the most cold-tolerant mangrove species and has been widely used in coastal wetland ecological restoration due to its specific viviparous phenomenon, beautiful shape, and unique floral pattern. Due to long-term adaptation to their local environment, the phenotypic characteristics and stress resistance of widely distributed plants of the same species often differentiate across different locations. The capacity for cold resistance is closely linked to the physiological and structural characteristics of plants. Herein, we explored the temporal variations in the leaf structure and physiological status of <i>K. obovata</i> under −5.5 °C from different areas such as Jiulongjiang Estuary (JLJ, 24°25′ N), Fujian Province, and Longgang City (LG, 27°34′ N) and Jiaojiang District (JJ, 28°67′ N), Zhejiang Province. The morphological variations implied that the cold resistance of <i>K. obovata</i> obviously strengthened after the northward migration and acclimatization, in the following order: LG > JJ > JLJ. More specifically, after exposure to a sustained low temperature, the relative conductivity (REC), an index widely used to evaluate the degree of plant damage, remarkably increased from 33.62 ± 2.39 to 63.73 ± 3.81, 31.20 ± 1.63 to 49.48 ± 1.12, and 23.75 ± 0.13 to 54.24 ± 1.45 for JLJ, LG, and JJ, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the palisade-to-spongy tissue ratio (P/I) of JLJ and JJ decreased from 0.78 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.03 to 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.64 ± 0.02 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were found in LG (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The SOD activity of LG significantly kept increasing, with values increased from 352.49 ± 10.38 to 477.65 ± 1.78 U·g<sup>−1</sup>, whereas no apparent changes in JLJ and JJ were observed with the sustained low temperature. The results of this study improved our understanding of the response of <i>K. obovata</i> to freezing stress, which could provide a sound theoretical foundation for cultivating cold-resistant varieties, as well as expanding mangrove plantations in higher latitudes.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/182<i>Kandelia obovata</i>low temperaturephysiological responsesanatomical structurepalisade-to-spongy tissue ratioSOD |
| spellingShingle | Wenzhen Xin Xia An Huizi Liu Shuangshuang Liu Sheng Yang Xin Wei Jiali Zhao Renan Lin Xing Liu Qiuxia Chen Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances Horticulturae <i>Kandelia obovata</i> low temperature physiological responses anatomical structure palisade-to-spongy tissue ratio SOD |
| title | Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_full | Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_fullStr | Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_short | Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove <i>Kandelia obovata</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_sort | differentiating leaf structures and physiological responses to freezing stress of mangrove i kandelia obovata i from different provenances |
| topic | <i>Kandelia obovata</i> low temperature physiological responses anatomical structure palisade-to-spongy tissue ratio SOD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/2/182 |
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