The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration
Cartilage injury and degeneration are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. OA is a major contributor to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. Over the last decade, considerable research efforts have focused on cell-based therapies, including several stem ce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.866148/full |
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| author | T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell F. Jeffrey Dilworth David S. Allan David S. Allan Guy Trudel Guy Trudel Guy Trudel Guy Trudel |
| author_facet | T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell F. Jeffrey Dilworth David S. Allan David S. Allan Guy Trudel Guy Trudel Guy Trudel Guy Trudel |
| author_sort | T. Mark Campbell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cartilage injury and degeneration are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. OA is a major contributor to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. Over the last decade, considerable research efforts have focused on cell-based therapies, including several stem cell-derived approaches to reverse the cartilage alterations associated with OA. Although several tissue sources for deriving cell-based therapies have been identified, none of the resident stem cell populations have adequately fulfilled the promise of curing OA. Indeed, many cell products do not contain true stem cells. As well, issues with aggressive marketing efforts, combined with a lack of evidence regarding efficacy, lead the several national regulatory bodies to discontinue the use of stem cell therapy for OA until more robust evidence becomes available. A review of the evidence is timely to address the status of cell-based cartilage regeneration. The promise of stem cell therapy is not new and has been used successfully to treat non-arthritic diseases, such as hematopoietic and muscle disorders. These fields of regenerative therapy have the advantage of a considerable foundation of knowledge in the area of stem cell repair mechanisms, the role of the stem cell niche, and niche-supporting cells. This foundation is lacking in the field of cartilage repair. So, where should we look for the ideal stem cell to regenerate cartilage? It has recently been discovered that cartilage itself may contain a population of SC-like progenitors. Other potential tissues include stem cell-rich dental pulp and the adolescent growth plate, the latter of which contains chondrocyte progenitors essential for producing the cartilage scaffold needed for bone growth. In this article, we review the progress on stem cell therapies for arthritic disorders, focusing on the various stem cell populations previously used for cartilage regeneration, successful cases of stem cell therapies in muscle and hemopoietic disorders, some of the reasons why these other fields have been successful (i.e., “lessons learned” to be applied to OA stem cell therapy), and finally, novel potential sources of stem cells for regenerating damaged cartilage in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:15:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25c2af8485ed459b889f9fe6acc16287 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:15:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-25c2af8485ed459b889f9fe6acc162872022-12-22T03:35:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852022-05-011010.3389/fbioe.2022.866148866148The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage RegenerationT. Mark Campbell0T. Mark Campbell1T. Mark Campbell2T. Mark Campbell3T. Mark Campbell4F. Jeffrey Dilworth5David S. Allan6David S. Allan7Guy Trudel8Guy Trudel9Guy Trudel10Guy Trudel11Elisabeth Bruyère Hospital, Ottawa, ON, CanadaBone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaRegenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaRegenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaRegenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, CanadaBone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaRegenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaCartilage injury and degeneration are hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. OA is a major contributor to pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. Over the last decade, considerable research efforts have focused on cell-based therapies, including several stem cell-derived approaches to reverse the cartilage alterations associated with OA. Although several tissue sources for deriving cell-based therapies have been identified, none of the resident stem cell populations have adequately fulfilled the promise of curing OA. Indeed, many cell products do not contain true stem cells. As well, issues with aggressive marketing efforts, combined with a lack of evidence regarding efficacy, lead the several national regulatory bodies to discontinue the use of stem cell therapy for OA until more robust evidence becomes available. A review of the evidence is timely to address the status of cell-based cartilage regeneration. The promise of stem cell therapy is not new and has been used successfully to treat non-arthritic diseases, such as hematopoietic and muscle disorders. These fields of regenerative therapy have the advantage of a considerable foundation of knowledge in the area of stem cell repair mechanisms, the role of the stem cell niche, and niche-supporting cells. This foundation is lacking in the field of cartilage repair. So, where should we look for the ideal stem cell to regenerate cartilage? It has recently been discovered that cartilage itself may contain a population of SC-like progenitors. Other potential tissues include stem cell-rich dental pulp and the adolescent growth plate, the latter of which contains chondrocyte progenitors essential for producing the cartilage scaffold needed for bone growth. In this article, we review the progress on stem cell therapies for arthritic disorders, focusing on the various stem cell populations previously used for cartilage regeneration, successful cases of stem cell therapies in muscle and hemopoietic disorders, some of the reasons why these other fields have been successful (i.e., “lessons learned” to be applied to OA stem cell therapy), and finally, novel potential sources of stem cells for regenerating damaged cartilage in vivo.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.866148/fullcartilageregenerative medicinegrowth plateosteoarthritismusculoskeletal healthstem cells |
| spellingShingle | T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell T. Mark Campbell F. Jeffrey Dilworth David S. Allan David S. Allan Guy Trudel Guy Trudel Guy Trudel Guy Trudel The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology cartilage regenerative medicine growth plate osteoarthritis musculoskeletal health stem cells |
| title | The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration |
| title_full | The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration |
| title_short | The Hunt Is On! In Pursuit of the Ideal Stem Cell Population for Cartilage Regeneration |
| title_sort | hunt is on in pursuit of the ideal stem cell population for cartilage regeneration |
| topic | cartilage regenerative medicine growth plate osteoarthritis musculoskeletal health stem cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.866148/full |
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