Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales
Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and paddy fields are among the largest sources of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Owing to the scarcity of observational data, the characteris...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| author | Linhua Ma Bo Liu Yuanlai Cui Yuanzhi Shi |
| author_facet | Linhua Ma Bo Liu Yuanlai Cui Yuanzhi Shi |
| author_sort | Linhua Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and paddy fields are among the largest sources of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Owing to the scarcity of observational data, the characteristics and influencing factors of CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes in paddy fields at different timescales need to be further investigated. Observations of CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes via eddy covariance (EC) data were performed over four seasons in two paddy fields in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. The pattern, magnitude and biophysical controls of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were explored by wavelet analysis and stepwise multiplicative modelling. The results revealed a distinct, single-peak diurnal pattern in CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes during the vegetative stage in all four rice growing seasons and the reproductive stage of early rice. Large seasonal variations in daily CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were observed in the two double-cropping paddy fields, and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm (T<sub>s5</sub>) explained most of the seasonality of the CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes. At the inter-seasonal scale, under local farms’ traditional field management method, reducing the amount and frequency of irrigation during the vegetative stage could decrease CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in southern China. This study improves the understanding of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and helps in developing GHG management strategies for paddy fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:19Z |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-25c612829ab04087acf609df40a36f9c2023-11-22T10:13:41ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-011316217110.3390/w13162171Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal TimescalesLinhua Ma0Bo Liu1Yuanlai Cui2Yuanzhi Shi3State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaCollege of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaMethane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and paddy fields are among the largest sources of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Owing to the scarcity of observational data, the characteristics and influencing factors of CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes in paddy fields at different timescales need to be further investigated. Observations of CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes via eddy covariance (EC) data were performed over four seasons in two paddy fields in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. The pattern, magnitude and biophysical controls of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were explored by wavelet analysis and stepwise multiplicative modelling. The results revealed a distinct, single-peak diurnal pattern in CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes during the vegetative stage in all four rice growing seasons and the reproductive stage of early rice. Large seasonal variations in daily CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were observed in the two double-cropping paddy fields, and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm (T<sub>s5</sub>) explained most of the seasonality of the CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes. At the inter-seasonal scale, under local farms’ traditional field management method, reducing the amount and frequency of irrigation during the vegetative stage could decrease CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in southern China. This study improves the understanding of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and helps in developing GHG management strategies for paddy fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2171methane fluxeseddy covariance techniquemulti-timescale analysisdouble-cropping rice agroecosystem |
| spellingShingle | Linhua Ma Bo Liu Yuanlai Cui Yuanzhi Shi Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales Water methane fluxes eddy covariance technique multi-timescale analysis double-cropping rice agroecosystem |
| title | Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales |
| title_full | Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales |
| title_fullStr | Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales |
| title_short | Variations and Drivers of Methane Fluxes from Double-Cropping Paddy Fields in Southern China at Diurnal, Seasonal and Inter-Seasonal Timescales |
| title_sort | variations and drivers of methane fluxes from double cropping paddy fields in southern china at diurnal seasonal and inter seasonal timescales |
| topic | methane fluxes eddy covariance technique multi-timescale analysis double-cropping rice agroecosystem |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2171 |
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