Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014
Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using an online system, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID), in Beijing, China, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) China 2014, when stringent air quality control measures we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/7945/2015/acp-15-7945-2015.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818907242708074496 |
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| author | J. Li S. D. Xie L. M. Zeng L. Y. Li Y. Q. Li R. R. Wu |
| author_facet | J. Li S. D. Xie L. M. Zeng L. Y. Li Y. Q. Li R. R. Wu |
| author_sort | J. Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using an online
system, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector
(GC-MS/FID), in Beijing, China, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation (APEC) China 2014, when stringent air quality control
measures were implemented. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied
to identify the major VOC contributing sources and their temporal
variations. The secondary organic aerosols potential (SOAP) approach was
used to estimate variations of precursor source contributions to SOA
formation. The average VOC mixing ratios during the three periods were
86.17, 48.28, and 72.97 ppbv, respectively. The mixing ratios of total VOC
during the control period were reduced by 44 %, and the mixing ratios of
acetonitrile, halocarbons, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), aromatics, acetylene,
alkanes, and alkenes decreased by approximately 65, 62, 54,
53, 37, 36, and 23 %, respectively. The mixing ratios of all
measured VOC species decreased during control, and the most affected species
were chlorinated VOCs (chloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, chlorobenzene).
PMF analysis indicated eight major sources of ambient VOCs, and emissions
from target control sources were clearly reduced during the control period.
Compared with the values before control, contributions of vehicular exhaust
were most reduced, followed by industrial manufacturing and solvent
utilization. Reductions of these three sources were responsible for 50,
26, and 16 % of the reductions in ambient VOCs. Contributions of
evaporated or liquid gasoline and industrial chemical feedstock were
slightly reduced, and contributions of secondary and long-lived species were
relatively stable. Due to central heating, emissions from fuel combustion
kept on increasing during the whole campaign; because of weak control of
liquid petroleum gas (LPG), the highest emissions of LPG occurred in the
control period. Vehicle-related sources were the most important precursor
sources likely responsible for the reduction in SOA formation during this
campaign. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:52:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25ce2dc9f6a7432ea5ac3c1503d980dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:52:01Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-25ce2dc9f6a7432ea5ac3c1503d980dc2022-12-21T20:04:23ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242015-07-0115147945795910.5194/acp-15-7945-2015Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014J. Li0S. D. Xie1L. M. Zeng2L. Y. Li3Y. Q. Li4R. R. Wu5College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaAmbient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using an online system, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID), in Beijing, China, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) China 2014, when stringent air quality control measures were implemented. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify the major VOC contributing sources and their temporal variations. The secondary organic aerosols potential (SOAP) approach was used to estimate variations of precursor source contributions to SOA formation. The average VOC mixing ratios during the three periods were 86.17, 48.28, and 72.97 ppbv, respectively. The mixing ratios of total VOC during the control period were reduced by 44 %, and the mixing ratios of acetonitrile, halocarbons, oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), aromatics, acetylene, alkanes, and alkenes decreased by approximately 65, 62, 54, 53, 37, 36, and 23 %, respectively. The mixing ratios of all measured VOC species decreased during control, and the most affected species were chlorinated VOCs (chloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, chlorobenzene). PMF analysis indicated eight major sources of ambient VOCs, and emissions from target control sources were clearly reduced during the control period. Compared with the values before control, contributions of vehicular exhaust were most reduced, followed by industrial manufacturing and solvent utilization. Reductions of these three sources were responsible for 50, 26, and 16 % of the reductions in ambient VOCs. Contributions of evaporated or liquid gasoline and industrial chemical feedstock were slightly reduced, and contributions of secondary and long-lived species were relatively stable. Due to central heating, emissions from fuel combustion kept on increasing during the whole campaign; because of weak control of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), the highest emissions of LPG occurred in the control period. Vehicle-related sources were the most important precursor sources likely responsible for the reduction in SOA formation during this campaign.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/7945/2015/acp-15-7945-2015.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Li S. D. Xie L. M. Zeng L. Y. Li Y. Q. Li R. R. Wu Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014 |
| title_full | Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014 |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014 |
| title_short | Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in Beijing, before, during, and after Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation China 2014 |
| title_sort | characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds and their sources in beijing before during and after asia pacific economic cooperation china 2014 |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/7945/2015/acp-15-7945-2015.pdf |
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