Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells
Ipconazole is an antifungal agrochemical widely used in agriculture against seed diseases of rice, vegetables, and other crops; due to its easy accumulation in the environment, it poses a hazard to human, animal, and environmental health. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of ipconazole...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/566 |
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| author | Carlos Villaorduña Mariano Mendoza-Carlos Manuel Chuyma Jhon Avilés Ayda Avalos-Diaz Ronald Lozano-Reategui Juan Garcia-Ruiz Nadia Panduro-Tenazoa Jessy Vargas Ysabel Moran-Quintanilla José-Luis Rodríguez |
| author_facet | Carlos Villaorduña Mariano Mendoza-Carlos Manuel Chuyma Jhon Avilés Ayda Avalos-Diaz Ronald Lozano-Reategui Juan Garcia-Ruiz Nadia Panduro-Tenazoa Jessy Vargas Ysabel Moran-Quintanilla José-Luis Rodríguez |
| author_sort | Carlos Villaorduña |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ipconazole is an antifungal agrochemical widely used in agriculture against seed diseases of rice, vegetables, and other crops; due to its easy accumulation in the environment, it poses a hazard to human, animal, and environmental health. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of ipconazole on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using cell viability tests (MTT), ROS production, caspase3/7 activity, and molecular assays of the biomarkers of cell death (Bax, Casp3, APAF1, BNIP3, and Bcl2); inflammasome (NLRP3, Casp1, and IL1β); inflammation (NFκB, TNFα, and IL6); and antioxidants (NRF2, SOD, and GPx). SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to ipconazole (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µM) for 24 h. The ipconazole, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced cell viability and produced an IC<sub>50</sub> of 32.3 µM; it also produced an increase in ROS production and caspase3/7 enzyme activity in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, ipconazole at 50 µM induced an overexpression of Bax, Casp3, APAF1, and BNIP3 (cell death genes); NLRP3, Casp1, and IL1B (inflammasome complex genes); and NFκB, TNFα, and IL6 (inflammation genes); it also reduced the expression of NRF2, SOD, and GPx (antioxidant genes). Our results show that ipconazole produces cytotoxic effects by reducing cell viability, generating oxidative stress, and inducing cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, so ipconazole exposure should be considered as a factor in the presentation of neurotoxicity or neurodegeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25d1be11dd8a4f97ab6c21b4142e47f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-25d1be11dd8a4f97ab6c21b4142e47f62023-11-18T21:36:42ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-06-0111756610.3390/toxics11070566Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y CellsCarlos Villaorduña0Mariano Mendoza-Carlos1Manuel Chuyma2Jhon Avilés3Ayda Avalos-Diaz4Ronald Lozano-Reategui5Juan Garcia-Ruiz6Nadia Panduro-Tenazoa7Jessy Vargas8Ysabel Moran-Quintanilla9José-Luis Rodríguez10Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruAgroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, PeruFaculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainIpconazole is an antifungal agrochemical widely used in agriculture against seed diseases of rice, vegetables, and other crops; due to its easy accumulation in the environment, it poses a hazard to human, animal, and environmental health. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of ipconazole on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using cell viability tests (MTT), ROS production, caspase3/7 activity, and molecular assays of the biomarkers of cell death (Bax, Casp3, APAF1, BNIP3, and Bcl2); inflammasome (NLRP3, Casp1, and IL1β); inflammation (NFκB, TNFα, and IL6); and antioxidants (NRF2, SOD, and GPx). SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to ipconazole (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µM) for 24 h. The ipconazole, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced cell viability and produced an IC<sub>50</sub> of 32.3 µM; it also produced an increase in ROS production and caspase3/7 enzyme activity in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, ipconazole at 50 µM induced an overexpression of Bax, Casp3, APAF1, and BNIP3 (cell death genes); NLRP3, Casp1, and IL1B (inflammasome complex genes); and NFκB, TNFα, and IL6 (inflammation genes); it also reduced the expression of NRF2, SOD, and GPx (antioxidant genes). Our results show that ipconazole produces cytotoxic effects by reducing cell viability, generating oxidative stress, and inducing cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, so ipconazole exposure should be considered as a factor in the presentation of neurotoxicity or neurodegeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/566ipconazoleoxidative stresscell deathneurotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Villaorduña Mariano Mendoza-Carlos Manuel Chuyma Jhon Avilés Ayda Avalos-Diaz Ronald Lozano-Reategui Juan Garcia-Ruiz Nadia Panduro-Tenazoa Jessy Vargas Ysabel Moran-Quintanilla José-Luis Rodríguez Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells Toxics ipconazole oxidative stress cell death neurotoxicity |
| title | Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells |
| title_full | Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells |
| title_fullStr | Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells |
| title_short | Ipconazole Induces Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Proinflammation in SH-SY5Y Cells |
| title_sort | ipconazole induces oxidative stress cell death and proinflammation in sh sy5y cells |
| topic | ipconazole oxidative stress cell death neurotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/7/566 |
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