Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review
Electrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/11/927 |
| _version_ | 1797468905523904512 |
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| author | Morteza Banakar Masoud Hamidi Zohaib Khurshid Muhammad Sohail Zafar Janak Sapkota Reza Azizian Dinesh Rokaya |
| author_facet | Morteza Banakar Masoud Hamidi Zohaib Khurshid Muhammad Sohail Zafar Janak Sapkota Reza Azizian Dinesh Rokaya |
| author_sort | Morteza Banakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical methods. This review discusses the biorecognition components that may be used to identify pathogens. These include antibodies and aptamers. The integration of transducers and electrode changes in biosensor design is a major discussion topic. Pathogen detection methods can be categorized by sample preparation and secondary binding processes. Diagnostics in medicine, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection can benefit from electrochemical biosensors to ensure food and water safety. Disposable and reusable biosensors for process monitoring, as well as multiplexed and conformal pathogen detection, are all included in this review. It is now possible to identify a wide range of diseases using biosensors that may be applied to food, bodily fluids, and even objects’ surfaces. The sensitivity of optical techniques may be superior to electrochemical approaches, but optical methods are prohibitively expensive and challenging for most end users to utilize. On the other hand, electrochemical approaches are simpler to use, but their efficacy in identifying infections is still far from satisfactory. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:13:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25df524b68c143eda909eb10a756dcd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:13:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-25df524b68c143eda909eb10a756dcd82023-11-24T03:54:32ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742022-10-01121192710.3390/bios12110927Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated ReviewMorteza Banakar0Masoud Hamidi1Zohaib Khurshid2Muhammad Sohail Zafar3Janak Sapkota4Reza Azizian5Dinesh Rokaya6Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, IranDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41887-94755, IranDepartment of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center of Applied Sciences and Technology, Kritipur 44600, NepalPediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center (PIDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33151, IranDepartment of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandElectrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical methods. This review discusses the biorecognition components that may be used to identify pathogens. These include antibodies and aptamers. The integration of transducers and electrode changes in biosensor design is a major discussion topic. Pathogen detection methods can be categorized by sample preparation and secondary binding processes. Diagnostics in medicine, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection can benefit from electrochemical biosensors to ensure food and water safety. Disposable and reusable biosensors for process monitoring, as well as multiplexed and conformal pathogen detection, are all included in this review. It is now possible to identify a wide range of diseases using biosensors that may be applied to food, bodily fluids, and even objects’ surfaces. The sensitivity of optical techniques may be superior to electrochemical approaches, but optical methods are prohibitively expensive and challenging for most end users to utilize. On the other hand, electrochemical approaches are simpler to use, but their efficacy in identifying infections is still far from satisfactory.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/11/927electrochemicalbiosensorspathogen quantificationmedical diagnosticspathogen detection |
| spellingShingle | Morteza Banakar Masoud Hamidi Zohaib Khurshid Muhammad Sohail Zafar Janak Sapkota Reza Azizian Dinesh Rokaya Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review Biosensors electrochemical biosensors pathogen quantification medical diagnostics pathogen detection |
| title | Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review |
| title_full | Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review |
| title_short | Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review |
| title_sort | electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection an updated review |
| topic | electrochemical biosensors pathogen quantification medical diagnostics pathogen detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/11/927 |
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