Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relaps...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/14/2328 |
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| author | Nor Hayati Ismail Ali Mussa Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat Shafini Mohamed Yusoff Azlan Husin Muhammad Farid Johan |
| author_facet | Nor Hayati Ismail Ali Mussa Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat Shafini Mohamed Yusoff Azlan Husin Muhammad Farid Johan |
| author_sort | Nor Hayati Ismail |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relapse and an inevitable refractory phase. MM is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the progression of MM, massive genomic alterations occur that target multiple signaling pathways and are accompanied by a multistep process involving differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Moreover, the transformation of healthy plasma cell biology into genetically heterogeneous MM clones is driven by a variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), which has complicated the discovery of effective treatments. PTMs have been identified as the most promising candidates for biomarker detection, and further research has been recommended to develop promising surrogate markers. Proteomics research has begun in MM, and a comprehensive literature review is available. However, proteomics applications in MM have yet to make significant progress. Exploration of proteomic alterations in MM is worthwhile to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of MM and to search for new treatment targets. Proteomics studies using mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with robust bioinformatics tools are an excellent way to learn more about protein changes and modifications during disease progression MM. This article addresses in depth the proteomic changes associated with MM disease transformation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:09:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25e93fb8a59e422fbee8c42f506a8676 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:09:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-25e93fb8a59e422fbee8c42f506a86762023-11-18T18:57:09ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-07-011314232810.3390/diagnostics13142328Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive ReviewNor Hayati Ismail0Ali Mussa1Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat2Shafini Mohamed Yusoff3Azlan Husin4Muhammad Farid Johan5Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relapse and an inevitable refractory phase. MM is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the progression of MM, massive genomic alterations occur that target multiple signaling pathways and are accompanied by a multistep process involving differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Moreover, the transformation of healthy plasma cell biology into genetically heterogeneous MM clones is driven by a variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), which has complicated the discovery of effective treatments. PTMs have been identified as the most promising candidates for biomarker detection, and further research has been recommended to develop promising surrogate markers. Proteomics research has begun in MM, and a comprehensive literature review is available. However, proteomics applications in MM have yet to make significant progress. Exploration of proteomic alterations in MM is worthwhile to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of MM and to search for new treatment targets. Proteomics studies using mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with robust bioinformatics tools are an excellent way to learn more about protein changes and modifications during disease progression MM. This article addresses in depth the proteomic changes associated with MM disease transformation.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/14/2328multiple myelomaproteomicspost-translational modificationsmass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Nor Hayati Ismail Ali Mussa Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat Shafini Mohamed Yusoff Azlan Husin Muhammad Farid Johan Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review Diagnostics multiple myeloma proteomics post-translational modifications mass spectrometry |
| title | Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full | Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_fullStr | Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_short | Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_sort | proteomic alteration in the progression of multiple myeloma a comprehensive review |
| topic | multiple myeloma proteomics post-translational modifications mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/14/2328 |
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