Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug
Cancer remains the primary cause of death worldwide. To develop less toxic anti-cancer drugs to relieve the suffering and improve the survival of cancer patients is the major focus in the anti-cancer field. To this end, marine creatures are being extensively studied for their anti-cancer effects, si...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/786 |
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| author | Ruizhen Ru Yanzheng Guo Juanxuan Mao Zonghe Yu Wen Huang Xudong Cao Huijian Hu Minjie Meng Lihong Yuan |
| author_facet | Ruizhen Ru Yanzheng Guo Juanxuan Mao Zonghe Yu Wen Huang Xudong Cao Huijian Hu Minjie Meng Lihong Yuan |
| author_sort | Ruizhen Ru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer remains the primary cause of death worldwide. To develop less toxic anti-cancer drugs to relieve the suffering and improve the survival of cancer patients is the major focus in the anti-cancer field. To this end, marine creatures are being extensively studied for their anti-cancer effects, since extracts from at least 10% of the marine organisms have been shown to possess anti-tumor activities. As a classic Chinese traditional medicine, sea cucumbers and compounds extracted from the sea cucumbers, such as polysaccharides and saponins, have recently been shown to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. <i>Holothuria leucospilota</i> (<i>H. leucospilota</i>) is a tropical edible sea cucumber species that has been successfully cultivated and farmed in large scales, providing a readily available source of raw materials to support the development of novel marine anti-cancer drugs. However, very few studies have so far been performed on the biological activities of <i>H. leucospilota</i>. In this study, we first investigated the anti-cancer effect of <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein on three cancer cell lines (i.e., HepG2, A549, Panc02) and three normal cell lines (NIH-3T3, HaCaT, 16HBE). Our data showed that <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein decreased the cell viabilities of HepG2, A549, HaCaT, 16HBE in a concentration-dependent manner, while Panc02 and NIH-3T3 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We also found that the inhibitory effect of <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein (≥10 μg/mL) on cell viability is near or even superior to EPI, a clinical chemotherapeutic agent. In addition, our data also demonstrated that <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein significantly affected the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in the three cancer cell lines investigated; in comparison, it showed no effects on the normal cell lines (i.e., NIH-3T3, HaCaT and 16HBE). Finally, our results also showed that <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein exhibited the excellent performance in inhibiting cell immigrations. In conclusion, <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein targeted the cancer cell cycles and induced cancer cell apoptosis; its superiority to inhibit cancer cell migration compared with EPI, shows the potential as a promising anti-cancer drug. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:17:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25f7d230ba9441afb87f4dc2fb6fc0a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:17:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-25f7d230ba9441afb87f4dc2fb6fc0a92023-11-23T21:28:22ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-02-0114478610.3390/nu14040786Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer DrugRuizhen Ru0Yanzheng Guo1Juanxuan Mao2Zonghe Yu3Wen Huang4Xudong Cao5Huijian Hu6Minjie Meng7Lihong Yuan8Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaFisheries Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON 999040, CanadaInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, ChinaGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaCancer remains the primary cause of death worldwide. To develop less toxic anti-cancer drugs to relieve the suffering and improve the survival of cancer patients is the major focus in the anti-cancer field. To this end, marine creatures are being extensively studied for their anti-cancer effects, since extracts from at least 10% of the marine organisms have been shown to possess anti-tumor activities. As a classic Chinese traditional medicine, sea cucumbers and compounds extracted from the sea cucumbers, such as polysaccharides and saponins, have recently been shown to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. <i>Holothuria leucospilota</i> (<i>H. leucospilota</i>) is a tropical edible sea cucumber species that has been successfully cultivated and farmed in large scales, providing a readily available source of raw materials to support the development of novel marine anti-cancer drugs. However, very few studies have so far been performed on the biological activities of <i>H. leucospilota</i>. In this study, we first investigated the anti-cancer effect of <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein on three cancer cell lines (i.e., HepG2, A549, Panc02) and three normal cell lines (NIH-3T3, HaCaT, 16HBE). Our data showed that <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein decreased the cell viabilities of HepG2, A549, HaCaT, 16HBE in a concentration-dependent manner, while Panc02 and NIH-3T3 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We also found that the inhibitory effect of <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein (≥10 μg/mL) on cell viability is near or even superior to EPI, a clinical chemotherapeutic agent. In addition, our data also demonstrated that <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein significantly affected the cell cycle and induced apoptosis in the three cancer cell lines investigated; in comparison, it showed no effects on the normal cell lines (i.e., NIH-3T3, HaCaT and 16HBE). Finally, our results also showed that <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein exhibited the excellent performance in inhibiting cell immigrations. In conclusion, <i>H. leucospilota</i> protein targeted the cancer cell cycles and induced cancer cell apoptosis; its superiority to inhibit cancer cell migration compared with EPI, shows the potential as a promising anti-cancer drug.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/786sea cucumber proteinanti-cancer activitytargeted effectscell apoptosiscell migrationmarine extractions |
| spellingShingle | Ruizhen Ru Yanzheng Guo Juanxuan Mao Zonghe Yu Wen Huang Xudong Cao Huijian Hu Minjie Meng Lihong Yuan Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Nutrients sea cucumber protein anti-cancer activity targeted effects cell apoptosis cell migration marine extractions |
| title | Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug |
| title_full | Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug |
| title_fullStr | Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug |
| title_short | Cancer Cell Inhibiting Sea Cucumber (<i>Holothuria leucospilota</i>) Protein as a Novel Anti-Cancer Drug |
| title_sort | cancer cell inhibiting sea cucumber i holothuria leucospilota i protein as a novel anti cancer drug |
| topic | sea cucumber protein anti-cancer activity targeted effects cell apoptosis cell migration marine extractions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/4/786 |
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