Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam
In 2019, a community-based, cross-sectional carriage survey and a seroprevalence survey of 1,216 persons 1–55 years of age were conducted in rural Vietnam to investigate the mechanism of diphtheria outbreaks. Seroprevalence was further compared with that of an urban area that had no cases reported...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/1/22-0975_article |
| _version_ | 1797959716454793216 |
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| author | Noriko Kitamura Thanh T. Hoan Hung M. Do The A. Dao Lien T. Le Thao T.T. Le Thuy T.T. Doan Thuong N. Chau Hoi T. Dinh Masaaki Iwaki Mitsutoshi Senoh Androulla Efstraciou Nen M. Ho Duc M. Pham Duc-Anh Dang Michiko Toizumi Paul Fine Hung T. Do Lay-Myint Yoshida |
| author_facet | Noriko Kitamura Thanh T. Hoan Hung M. Do The A. Dao Lien T. Le Thao T.T. Le Thuy T.T. Doan Thuong N. Chau Hoi T. Dinh Masaaki Iwaki Mitsutoshi Senoh Androulla Efstraciou Nen M. Ho Duc M. Pham Duc-Anh Dang Michiko Toizumi Paul Fine Hung T. Do Lay-Myint Yoshida |
| author_sort | Noriko Kitamura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
In 2019, a community-based, cross-sectional carriage survey and a seroprevalence survey of 1,216 persons 1–55 years of age were conducted in rural Vietnam to investigate the mechanism of diphtheria outbreaks. Seroprevalence was further compared with that of an urban area that had no cases reported for the past decade. Carriage prevalence was 1.4%. The highest prevalence, 4.5%, was observed for children 1–5 years of age. Twenty-seven asymptomatic Coerynebacterium diphtheriae carriers were identified; 9 carriers had tox gene–bearing strains, and 3 had nontoxigenic tox gene–bearing strains. Child malnutrition was associated with low levels of diphtheria toxoid IgG, which might have subsequently increased child carriage prevalence. Different immunity patterns in the 2 populations suggested that the low immunity among children caused by low vaccination coverage increased transmission, resulting in symptomatic infections at school-going age, when vaccine-induced immunity waned most. A school-entry booster dose and improved infant vaccination coverage are recommended to control transmissions.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:36:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25f8cdf345484b188b1ea1880870b93e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1080-6040 1080-6059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:36:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-25f8cdf345484b188b1ea1880870b93e2023-01-06T17:27:19ZengCenters for Disease Control and PreventionEmerging Infectious Diseases1080-60401080-60592023-01-01291708010.3201/eid2901.220975Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, VietnamNoriko KitamuraThanh T. HoanHung M. DoThe A. DaoLien T. LeThao T.T. LeThuy T.T. DoanThuong N. ChauHoi T. DinhMasaaki IwakiMitsutoshi SenohAndroulla EfstraciouNen M. HoDuc M. PhamDuc-Anh DangMichiko ToizumiPaul FineHung T. DoLay-Myint Yoshida In 2019, a community-based, cross-sectional carriage survey and a seroprevalence survey of 1,216 persons 1–55 years of age were conducted in rural Vietnam to investigate the mechanism of diphtheria outbreaks. Seroprevalence was further compared with that of an urban area that had no cases reported for the past decade. Carriage prevalence was 1.4%. The highest prevalence, 4.5%, was observed for children 1–5 years of age. Twenty-seven asymptomatic Coerynebacterium diphtheriae carriers were identified; 9 carriers had tox gene–bearing strains, and 3 had nontoxigenic tox gene–bearing strains. Child malnutrition was associated with low levels of diphtheria toxoid IgG, which might have subsequently increased child carriage prevalence. Different immunity patterns in the 2 populations suggested that the low immunity among children caused by low vaccination coverage increased transmission, resulting in symptomatic infections at school-going age, when vaccine-induced immunity waned most. A school-entry booster dose and improved infant vaccination coverage are recommended to control transmissions. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/1/22-0975_articlediphtheriaseroepidemiologycarriageCorynebacterium speciesbacteriaepidemic-prone area |
| spellingShingle | Noriko Kitamura Thanh T. Hoan Hung M. Do The A. Dao Lien T. Le Thao T.T. Le Thuy T.T. Doan Thuong N. Chau Hoi T. Dinh Masaaki Iwaki Mitsutoshi Senoh Androulla Efstraciou Nen M. Ho Duc M. Pham Duc-Anh Dang Michiko Toizumi Paul Fine Hung T. Do Lay-Myint Yoshida Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam Emerging Infectious Diseases diphtheria seroepidemiology carriage Corynebacterium species bacteria epidemic-prone area |
| title | Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam |
| title_full | Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam |
| title_short | Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam |
| title_sort | seroepidemiology and carriage of diphtheria in epidemic prone area and implications for vaccination policy vietnam |
| topic | diphtheria seroepidemiology carriage Corynebacterium species bacteria epidemic-prone area |
| url | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/1/22-0975_article |
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