Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes
The Nangqen and Qamdo (NQ-QD) basins in China have very rich geothermal and brine resources. The origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary processes of its hot and saline springs however remain unclear. Geochemical and isotopic (18O, 2H, 3H) studies have therefore been conducted on the water from the g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi-Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Geofluids |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7190994 |
| _version_ | 1798025480657436672 |
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| author | Xiwei Qin Haizhou Ma Xiying Zhang Xiasong Hu Guorong Li Huaide Cheng Jibin Han Yongshou Li Weiliang Miao Wenhua Han Sha Yang Qian Song Mei Wu |
| author_facet | Xiwei Qin Haizhou Ma Xiying Zhang Xiasong Hu Guorong Li Huaide Cheng Jibin Han Yongshou Li Weiliang Miao Wenhua Han Sha Yang Qian Song Mei Wu |
| author_sort | Xiwei Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Nangqen and Qamdo (NQ-QD) basins in China have very rich geothermal and brine resources. The origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary processes of its hot and saline springs however remain unclear. Geochemical and isotopic (18O, 2H, 3H) studies have therefore been conducted on the water from the geothermal and saline springs in the NQ-QD Basin. All saline springs in the study area are of the Na-Cl geochemical type while geothermal waters show different geochemical types. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the springs in the NQ-QD Basin are primarily controlled by meteoric water or ice-snow melt water and are influenced by rock-water interactions. It is found that the saline springs in the study area are derived from the dissolution of halite and sulfate that occur in the tertiary Gongjue red bed, while the hot springs in the QD Basin are greatly influenced by the dissolution of carbonatites and sulfates from the Bolila (T3b) and Huakaizuo (J2h) formations. Results from silica geothermometry and a silicon-enthalpy hybrid model indicate that the apparent reservoir temperatures and reservoir temperatures for the hot springs in the QD Basin range from 57–130°C to75–214°C, respectively. Deuterium analysis indicates that most of the hot springs are recently recharged rain water. Furthermore, the saline springs have a weaker groundwater regeneration capacity than the hot springs. Tritium data shows that the ranges of calculated residence times for springs in this study are 25 to 55 years, and that there is a likelihood that hot springs in the QD Basin originated from two different hydrothermal systems. The geochemical characteristics of the NQ-QD springs are similar to those of the Lanping-Simao Basin, indicating similar solute sources. Thus, the use of water isotope analyses coupled with hydrogeochemistry proves to be an effective tool to determine the origin and spatiotemporal evolution of the NQ-QD spring waters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:20:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-25fdbc2516bf416fa08a035144ee8244 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1468-8123 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:20:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi-Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geofluids |
| spelling | doaj.art-25fdbc2516bf416fa08a035144ee82442022-12-22T04:09:47ZengHindawi-WileyGeofluids1468-81232022-01-01202210.1155/2022/7190994Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental IsotopesXiwei Qin0Haizhou Ma1Xiying Zhang2Xiasong Hu3Guorong Li4Huaide Cheng5Jibin Han6Yongshou Li7Weiliang Miao8Wenhua Han9Sha Yang10Qian Song11Mei Wu12Department of Geological EngineeringKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesDepartment of Geological EngineeringDepartment of Geological EngineeringKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesKey Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake ResourcesDepartment of Geological EngineeringDepartment of Geological EngineeringDepartment of Geological EngineeringThe Nangqen and Qamdo (NQ-QD) basins in China have very rich geothermal and brine resources. The origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary processes of its hot and saline springs however remain unclear. Geochemical and isotopic (18O, 2H, 3H) studies have therefore been conducted on the water from the geothermal and saline springs in the NQ-QD Basin. All saline springs in the study area are of the Na-Cl geochemical type while geothermal waters show different geochemical types. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the springs in the NQ-QD Basin are primarily controlled by meteoric water or ice-snow melt water and are influenced by rock-water interactions. It is found that the saline springs in the study area are derived from the dissolution of halite and sulfate that occur in the tertiary Gongjue red bed, while the hot springs in the QD Basin are greatly influenced by the dissolution of carbonatites and sulfates from the Bolila (T3b) and Huakaizuo (J2h) formations. Results from silica geothermometry and a silicon-enthalpy hybrid model indicate that the apparent reservoir temperatures and reservoir temperatures for the hot springs in the QD Basin range from 57–130°C to75–214°C, respectively. Deuterium analysis indicates that most of the hot springs are recently recharged rain water. Furthermore, the saline springs have a weaker groundwater regeneration capacity than the hot springs. Tritium data shows that the ranges of calculated residence times for springs in this study are 25 to 55 years, and that there is a likelihood that hot springs in the QD Basin originated from two different hydrothermal systems. The geochemical characteristics of the NQ-QD springs are similar to those of the Lanping-Simao Basin, indicating similar solute sources. Thus, the use of water isotope analyses coupled with hydrogeochemistry proves to be an effective tool to determine the origin and spatiotemporal evolution of the NQ-QD spring waters.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7190994 |
| spellingShingle | Xiwei Qin Haizhou Ma Xiying Zhang Xiasong Hu Guorong Li Huaide Cheng Jibin Han Yongshou Li Weiliang Miao Wenhua Han Sha Yang Qian Song Mei Wu Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes Geofluids |
| title | Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes |
| title_full | Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes |
| title_fullStr | Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes |
| title_short | Origin and Circulation of Springs in the Nangqen and Qamdo Basins, Southwestern China, Based on Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes |
| title_sort | origin and circulation of springs in the nangqen and qamdo basins southwestern china based on hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7190994 |
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