A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability
Using a control variable, the functionality of Polymorphic circuits can be modified, making them adaptable and useful for reconfiguring circuit behavior — all the way from gate level to system level. State-of-the art polymorphic circuits are based on custom non-linear circuit design or emerging devi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Memories - Materials, Devices, Circuits and Systems |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773064623000713 |
| _version_ | 1797256257952808960 |
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| author | Md Arif Iqbal Srinivas Rahul Sapireddy Sumanth Dasari Kazi Asifuzzaman Mostafizur Rahman |
| author_facet | Md Arif Iqbal Srinivas Rahul Sapireddy Sumanth Dasari Kazi Asifuzzaman Mostafizur Rahman |
| author_sort | Md Arif Iqbal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using a control variable, the functionality of Polymorphic circuits can be modified, making them adaptable and useful for reconfiguring circuit behavior — all the way from gate level to system level. State-of-the art polymorphic circuits are based on custom non-linear circuit design or emerging devices such as ambipolar FET, configurable magnetic devices etc. While some of these approaches are inefficient in performance, others involve exotic devices. The Crosstalk computing based polymorphic circuits offer a fresh perspective. In Crosstalk, the interconnect interference between nanoscale metal lines is intentionally engineered to exhibit the programmable Boolean logic behavior. This approach relies on the coupling between metal lines and not on the transistors for computing, resulting in better scalability, security by obscurity, and fault tolerance by reconfiguration. Our novel approach is backed by the mathematical formulation that conveys the rationale to generalize and achieve a wide variety of polymorphic circuits. Our experiments, including design, simulation, and Power Performance Area (PPA) characterization results indicate that crosstalk circuits provide significant improvement in transistor count (about 3x), switching energy (2x), and speed (1.5x) for polymorphic logic circuits. In the best-case scenario, the transistor count reduction is 5x. This paper presents Crosstalk computing’s fundamentals, polymorphism and the scalability aspects to compete/co-exist with CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10 nm. Our scalability study uses Open Source 7 nm PDK, considers all process variation aspects and accommodates worst-case scenarios. The study results for various benchmark circuits show that the Crosstalk technology is a viable alternative to CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10 nm, having 48% density, 57% power, and 10% performance gains over equivalent CMOS counterparts. Finally, we compare Crosstalk Polymorphic Circuit design technique with similar approaches described in related works and discuss its features and constraints. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:57:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-260b89ccdcb54907b335b63e4267db5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2773-0646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T22:18:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Memories - Materials, Devices, Circuits and Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-260b89ccdcb54907b335b63e4267db5a2024-03-20T06:12:10ZengElsevierMemories - Materials, Devices, Circuits and Systems2773-06462024-04-017100094A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalabilityMd Arif Iqbal0Srinivas Rahul Sapireddy1Sumanth Dasari2Kazi Asifuzzaman3Mostafizur Rahman4School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USASchool of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USASchool of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USAAdvanced Computing Systems Research, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USASchool of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; Corresponding author.Using a control variable, the functionality of Polymorphic circuits can be modified, making them adaptable and useful for reconfiguring circuit behavior — all the way from gate level to system level. State-of-the art polymorphic circuits are based on custom non-linear circuit design or emerging devices such as ambipolar FET, configurable magnetic devices etc. While some of these approaches are inefficient in performance, others involve exotic devices. The Crosstalk computing based polymorphic circuits offer a fresh perspective. In Crosstalk, the interconnect interference between nanoscale metal lines is intentionally engineered to exhibit the programmable Boolean logic behavior. This approach relies on the coupling between metal lines and not on the transistors for computing, resulting in better scalability, security by obscurity, and fault tolerance by reconfiguration. Our novel approach is backed by the mathematical formulation that conveys the rationale to generalize and achieve a wide variety of polymorphic circuits. Our experiments, including design, simulation, and Power Performance Area (PPA) characterization results indicate that crosstalk circuits provide significant improvement in transistor count (about 3x), switching energy (2x), and speed (1.5x) for polymorphic logic circuits. In the best-case scenario, the transistor count reduction is 5x. This paper presents Crosstalk computing’s fundamentals, polymorphism and the scalability aspects to compete/co-exist with CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10 nm. Our scalability study uses Open Source 7 nm PDK, considers all process variation aspects and accommodates worst-case scenarios. The study results for various benchmark circuits show that the Crosstalk technology is a viable alternative to CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10 nm, having 48% density, 57% power, and 10% performance gains over equivalent CMOS counterparts. Finally, we compare Crosstalk Polymorphic Circuit design technique with similar approaches described in related works and discuss its features and constraints.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773064623000713Reconfigurable circuitCrosstalk computingOpen source PDK |
| spellingShingle | Md Arif Iqbal Srinivas Rahul Sapireddy Sumanth Dasari Kazi Asifuzzaman Mostafizur Rahman A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability Memories - Materials, Devices, Circuits and Systems Reconfigurable circuit Crosstalk computing Open source PDK |
| title | A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability |
| title_full | A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability |
| title_fullStr | A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability |
| title_short | A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability |
| title_sort | review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability |
| topic | Reconfigurable circuit Crosstalk computing Open source PDK |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773064623000713 |
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