| Summary: | Physical activity is fundamental to prevent common illnesses in youth and research shows that students who perceive enjoyment in physical education (PE) have a more physically active lifestyle. This study aims to identify psychological antecedents of student enjoyment in PE. We addressed this by assessing aspects of self-determination theory (SDT), including the extent of autonomy-supportive teaching in PE (reported by teachers), the satisfaction of students’ basic psychological needs, and student age (reported by students), via questionnaires. Correlational and multiple linear regression analyses of the collected data of <i>N</i> = 170 students (<i>M</i> = 14.3 ± 2.20, 10–19 years of age) and <i>N</i> = 10 teachers show that autonomy support is related to autonomy satisfaction in students (<i>r</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> < 0.01). In turn, student perception of autonomy correlates with competence (<i>r</i> = 0.64, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and belonging (<i>r</i> = 0.37, <i>p</i> < 0.001). All three basic psychological needs predict enjoyment in PE (<i>F</i>(1, 163) = 19.59, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.68, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Additional analyses show that higher student age predicts a decrease in enjoyment (Δ<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.04, <i>B</i> = −0.73, <i>β</i> = −0.21, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Thus, student enjoyment in PE, as a foundation for a physically active lifestyle, can help to prevent common illnesses by satisfying basic psychological needs in PE.
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