Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
<i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> is the principal vector for <i>Theileria annulata</i>, <i>T. equi</i>, and <i>T. Lestoquardi</i> in animals and the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in humans. Due to the gradual loss of efficacy of the available acarici...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/4/881 |
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| author | Abhijit Nandi Manisha Vandana Solanki Vishvanath Tiwari Basavaraj Sajjanar Muthu Sankar Mohini Saini Sameer Shrivastava S. K. Bhure Srikant Ghosh |
| author_facet | Abhijit Nandi Manisha Vandana Solanki Vishvanath Tiwari Basavaraj Sajjanar Muthu Sankar Mohini Saini Sameer Shrivastava S. K. Bhure Srikant Ghosh |
| author_sort | Abhijit Nandi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> is the principal vector for <i>Theileria annulata</i>, <i>T. equi</i>, and <i>T. Lestoquardi</i> in animals and the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in humans. Due to the gradual loss of efficacy of the available acaricides against field tick populations, the development of phytoacaricides and vaccines has been considered the two most critical components of the integrated tick management strategies. In the present study, in order to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in the host against <i>H. anatolicum</i>, two multi-epitopic peptides (MEPs), i.e., VT1 and VT2, were designed. The immune-stimulating potential of the constructs was determined by in silicoinvestigation on allergenicity (non-allergen, antigenic (0.46 and 1.0046)), physicochemical properties (instability index 27.18 and 35.46), as well as the interaction of constructs with TLRs by docking and molecular dynamics analysis. The immunization efficacy of the MEPs mixed with 8% Montanide<sup>TM</sup> gel 01 PR against <i>H. anatolicum</i> larvae was determined as 93.3% and 96.9% in VT1- and VT2-immunized rabbits, respectively. Against adults, the efficacy was 89.9% and 86.4% in VT1- and VT2-immunized rabbits, respectively. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) and significantly higher IgG response was observed in a VT1-immunized group of rabbits as compared with the response observed in the control group. However, in the case of the VT2-immunized rabbits, an elevated anti-VT2 IgG and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2) (>30 fold) along with a decreased level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 (0.75 times) was noted. The efficacy of MEP and its potential immune stimulatory responses indicate that it might be useful for tick management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26108e9f9853459abc557c6b2ade86f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-26108e9f9853459abc557c6b2ade86f62023-11-17T21:43:06ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-04-0111488110.3390/vaccines11040881Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever VirusAbhijit Nandi0Manisha1Vandana Solanki2Vishvanath Tiwari3Basavaraj Sajjanar4Muthu Sankar5Mohini Saini6Sameer Shrivastava7S. K. Bhure8Srikant Ghosh9Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaDivision of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer 305817, IndiaVeterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaDivision of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaDivision of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaVeterinary Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaDivision of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, IndiaDivision of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India<i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> is the principal vector for <i>Theileria annulata</i>, <i>T. equi</i>, and <i>T. Lestoquardi</i> in animals and the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in humans. Due to the gradual loss of efficacy of the available acaricides against field tick populations, the development of phytoacaricides and vaccines has been considered the two most critical components of the integrated tick management strategies. In the present study, in order to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses in the host against <i>H. anatolicum</i>, two multi-epitopic peptides (MEPs), i.e., VT1 and VT2, were designed. The immune-stimulating potential of the constructs was determined by in silicoinvestigation on allergenicity (non-allergen, antigenic (0.46 and 1.0046)), physicochemical properties (instability index 27.18 and 35.46), as well as the interaction of constructs with TLRs by docking and molecular dynamics analysis. The immunization efficacy of the MEPs mixed with 8% Montanide<sup>TM</sup> gel 01 PR against <i>H. anatolicum</i> larvae was determined as 93.3% and 96.9% in VT1- and VT2-immunized rabbits, respectively. Against adults, the efficacy was 89.9% and 86.4% in VT1- and VT2-immunized rabbits, respectively. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduction in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) and significantly higher IgG response was observed in a VT1-immunized group of rabbits as compared with the response observed in the control group. However, in the case of the VT2-immunized rabbits, an elevated anti-VT2 IgG and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-2) (>30 fold) along with a decreased level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 (0.75 times) was noted. The efficacy of MEP and its potential immune stimulatory responses indicate that it might be useful for tick management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/4/881<i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>in silicomulti-epitope peptidepeptide vaccineprotective efficacy |
| spellingShingle | Abhijit Nandi Manisha Vandana Solanki Vishvanath Tiwari Basavaraj Sajjanar Muthu Sankar Mohini Saini Sameer Shrivastava S. K. Bhure Srikant Ghosh Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Vaccines <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> in silico multi-epitope peptide peptide vaccine protective efficacy |
| title | Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus |
| title_full | Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus |
| title_fullStr | Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus |
| title_short | Protective Efficacy of Multiple Epitope-Based Vaccine against <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i>, Vector of <i>Theileria annulata</i> and Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus |
| title_sort | protective efficacy of multiple epitope based vaccine against i hyalomma anatolicum i vector of i theileria annulata i and crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus |
| topic | <i>Hyalomma anatolicum</i> in silico multi-epitope peptide peptide vaccine protective efficacy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/4/881 |
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