Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults
Maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), the gold standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), supports cardiovascular risk assessment and is mainly assessed during maximal spiroergometry. However, for field use, submaximal exercise tests might be appropriate and feasible. There have been no studies...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Preventive Medicine Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522003461 |
| _version_ | 1811190767221211136 |
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| author | Laura Eisenberger Barbara Mayr Maximilian Beck Verena Venek Christina Kranzinger Andrea Menzl Inga Jahn Mahdi Sareban Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz Josef Niebauer Birgit Böhm |
| author_facet | Laura Eisenberger Barbara Mayr Maximilian Beck Verena Venek Christina Kranzinger Andrea Menzl Inga Jahn Mahdi Sareban Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz Josef Niebauer Birgit Böhm |
| author_sort | Laura Eisenberger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), the gold standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), supports cardiovascular risk assessment and is mainly assessed during maximal spiroergometry. However, for field use, submaximal exercise tests might be appropriate and feasible. There have been no studies attempting a submaximal test protocol involving uphill hiking. This study aimed to develop and validate a 1-km cardio-trekking test (CTT) controlled by heart rate monitoring and Borg’s 6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to predict V̇O2max outdoors. Healthy participants performed a maximal incremental treadmill walking laboratory test and a submaximal 1-km CTT on mountain trails in Austria and Germany, and V̇O2max was assessed with a portable spirometry device. Borg’s RPE scale was used to control the exercise intensity of the CTT. All subjects wore a chest strap to measure heart rate (HR). A total of 134 participants (median age: 56.0 years [IQR: 51.8–63.0], 43.3 % males) completed both testing protocols. The prediction model is based on age, gender, smoking status, weight, mean HR, altitude difference, duration, and the interaction between age and duration (R2 = 0.65, adj. R2 = 0.63). Leave-one-out cross-validation revealed small shrinkage in predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.59) compared to the original model. Submaximal exercise testing using uphill hiking allows for practical estimation of V̇O2max in healthy adults. This method may allow people to engage in physical activity while monitoring their CRF to avert unnecessary cardiovascular events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:54:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2625b468f47041cd9083bbb9103f84ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-3355 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:54:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Preventive Medicine Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-2625b468f47041cd9083bbb9103f84ca2022-12-22T04:17:17ZengElsevierPreventive Medicine Reports2211-33552022-12-0130102039Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adultsLaura Eisenberger0Barbara Mayr1Maximilian Beck2Verena Venek3Christina Kranzinger4Andrea Menzl5Inga Jahn6Mahdi Sareban7Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz8Josef Niebauer9Birgit Böhm10Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Corresponding author.Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, AustriaLudwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, AustriaSalzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Salzburg, AustriaSalzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Salzburg, AustriaSt. Irmingard Klinik Prien, Clinic for Cardiology, Prien am Chiemsee, GermanySt. Irmingard Klinik Prien, Clinic for Cardiology, Prien am Chiemsee, GermanyInstitute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, AustriaInstitute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyInstitute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, AustriaInstitute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyMaximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), the gold standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), supports cardiovascular risk assessment and is mainly assessed during maximal spiroergometry. However, for field use, submaximal exercise tests might be appropriate and feasible. There have been no studies attempting a submaximal test protocol involving uphill hiking. This study aimed to develop and validate a 1-km cardio-trekking test (CTT) controlled by heart rate monitoring and Borg’s 6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to predict V̇O2max outdoors. Healthy participants performed a maximal incremental treadmill walking laboratory test and a submaximal 1-km CTT on mountain trails in Austria and Germany, and V̇O2max was assessed with a portable spirometry device. Borg’s RPE scale was used to control the exercise intensity of the CTT. All subjects wore a chest strap to measure heart rate (HR). A total of 134 participants (median age: 56.0 years [IQR: 51.8–63.0], 43.3 % males) completed both testing protocols. The prediction model is based on age, gender, smoking status, weight, mean HR, altitude difference, duration, and the interaction between age and duration (R2 = 0.65, adj. R2 = 0.63). Leave-one-out cross-validation revealed small shrinkage in predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.59) compared to the original model. Submaximal exercise testing using uphill hiking allows for practical estimation of V̇O2max in healthy adults. This method may allow people to engage in physical activity while monitoring their CRF to avert unnecessary cardiovascular events.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522003461Borg scaleCardiovascular healthExercise testingField testHikingPrediction model |
| spellingShingle | Laura Eisenberger Barbara Mayr Maximilian Beck Verena Venek Christina Kranzinger Andrea Menzl Inga Jahn Mahdi Sareban Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz Josef Niebauer Birgit Böhm Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults Preventive Medicine Reports Borg scale Cardiovascular health Exercise testing Field test Hiking Prediction model |
| title | Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults |
| title_full | Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults |
| title_fullStr | Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults |
| title_short | Development and validation of a 1-km cardio-trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults |
| title_sort | development and validation of a 1 km cardio trekking test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy adults |
| topic | Borg scale Cardiovascular health Exercise testing Field test Hiking Prediction model |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335522003461 |
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