Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment
Atherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely link...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/3/60 |
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| author | Anastasia V. Poznyak Andrey V. Grechko Varvara A. Orekhova Yegor S. Chegodaev Wei-Kai Wu Alexander N. Orekhov |
| author_facet | Anastasia V. Poznyak Andrey V. Grechko Varvara A. Orekhova Yegor S. Chegodaev Wei-Kai Wu Alexander N. Orekhov |
| author_sort | Anastasia V. Poznyak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely linked to foam cells formation and other key events in atherosclerosis development. Two groups of enzymes are involved in the emergence of oxidative stress: Pro-oxidant (including NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and antioxidant (such as superoxide dismutase, catalases, and thioredoxins). Pro-oxidant enzymes in normal conditions produce moderate concentrations of reactive oxidant species that play an important role in cell functioning and can be fully utilized by antioxidant enzymes. Under pathological conditions, activities of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes can be modified by numerous factors that can be relevant for developing novel therapies. Recent studies have explored potential therapeutic properties of antioxidant molecules that are capable to eliminate oxidative damage. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Other perspective approach is to inhibit the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and potential antioxidant approaches. We discuss several important antioxidant molecules of plant origin that appear to be promising for treatment of atherosclerosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:37:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-263ccca5e3d34dcb8420f11f6f300894 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T09:37:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-263ccca5e3d34dcb8420f11f6f3008942023-09-02T13:27:30ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372020-03-01936010.3390/biology9030060biology9030060Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and TreatmentAnastasia V. Poznyak0Andrey V. Grechko1Varvara A. Orekhova2Yegor S. Chegodaev3Wei-Kai Wu4Alexander N. Orekhov5Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, RussiaFederal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, RussiaI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 100, TaiwanInstitute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, RussiaAtherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely linked to foam cells formation and other key events in atherosclerosis development. Two groups of enzymes are involved in the emergence of oxidative stress: Pro-oxidant (including NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and antioxidant (such as superoxide dismutase, catalases, and thioredoxins). Pro-oxidant enzymes in normal conditions produce moderate concentrations of reactive oxidant species that play an important role in cell functioning and can be fully utilized by antioxidant enzymes. Under pathological conditions, activities of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes can be modified by numerous factors that can be relevant for developing novel therapies. Recent studies have explored potential therapeutic properties of antioxidant molecules that are capable to eliminate oxidative damage. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Other perspective approach is to inhibit the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and potential antioxidant approaches. We discuss several important antioxidant molecules of plant origin that appear to be promising for treatment of atherosclerosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/3/60atherosclerosisoxidative stressnadph oxidase |
| spellingShingle | Anastasia V. Poznyak Andrey V. Grechko Varvara A. Orekhova Yegor S. Chegodaev Wei-Kai Wu Alexander N. Orekhov Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment Biology atherosclerosis oxidative stress nadph oxidase |
| title | Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment |
| title_sort | oxidative stress and antioxidants in atherosclerosis development and treatment |
| topic | atherosclerosis oxidative stress nadph oxidase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/9/3/60 |
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