Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface
This study investigated the influence of the wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the energetic crystal surface by constructing the lubricating interface between wax and β-HMX crystals. The nano-scratch testing of β-HMX crystals with and without wax coating was conducted under the ramp-loadin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Energetic Materials Frontiers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000847 |
| _version_ | 1828046624260096000 |
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| author | Hong-tao Li Jie Sun He-liang Sui Chuan-guo Chai Bing-hong Li Jia-xin Yu Hong-tu He Ying Yin |
| author_facet | Hong-tao Li Jie Sun He-liang Sui Chuan-guo Chai Bing-hong Li Jia-xin Yu Hong-tu He Ying Yin |
| author_sort | Hong-tao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the influence of the wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the energetic crystal surface by constructing the lubricating interface between wax and β-HMX crystals. The nano-scratch testing of β-HMX crystals with and without wax coating was conducted under the ramp-loading (0–3.5 mN) mode and the constant-loading (0.4 mN) mode. The testing results are as follows. Compared with the dry friction of β-HMX crystals without wax coating, wax can significantly improve the contact friction between the energetic crystals and the rigid micro-convex body. The influence of wax on the interface friction highly depends on the external load conditions. Under the ramp-loading mode, the wax layer can greatly reduce the average coefficient of friction (COF) from ∼0.7 (dry friction) to ∼0.2 (lubricating interface) and inhibit COF fluctuation. The inherent mechanism of wax reducing the interface friction works in the following way. Wax can effectively suppress the plowing effect of the rigid micro-convex body on the β-HMX crystal surface and further inhibit the occurrence of brittle fracture and crack defects. The wax layer can also suppress the friction anisotropy of the β-HMX crystal surface, significantly reducing the probability of high COF (>0.4). The distribution probabilities of COF in the range of 0–0.1 and 0–0.3 were 33% and 89%, respectively. The stick-slip effect of the friction behavior was observed under the constant-loading mode, with the COF varying periodically with the sliding distance. These study results can help understand the desensitization mechanisms of wax on the energetic crystal surface at a micro-scale quantitative level and provide a necessary basis for building the friction hot-spot model under dry friction and wax lubrication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:28:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2645dbad001f4c269714f08d79f2a67d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-6472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:28:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energetic Materials Frontiers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2645dbad001f4c269714f08d79f2a67d2023-02-02T04:50:29ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Energetic Materials Frontiers2666-64722022-12-0134248256Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surfaceHong-tao Li0Jie Sun1He-liang Sui2Chuan-guo Chai3Bing-hong Li4Jia-xin Yu5Hong-tu He6Ying Yin7Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, PR ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, PR China; Corresponding author.Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, PR ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, PR ChinaKey Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process in Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR ChinaKey Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process in Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR ChinaKey Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process in Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, PR China; Corresponding author.This study investigated the influence of the wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the energetic crystal surface by constructing the lubricating interface between wax and β-HMX crystals. The nano-scratch testing of β-HMX crystals with and without wax coating was conducted under the ramp-loading (0–3.5 mN) mode and the constant-loading (0.4 mN) mode. The testing results are as follows. Compared with the dry friction of β-HMX crystals without wax coating, wax can significantly improve the contact friction between the energetic crystals and the rigid micro-convex body. The influence of wax on the interface friction highly depends on the external load conditions. Under the ramp-loading mode, the wax layer can greatly reduce the average coefficient of friction (COF) from ∼0.7 (dry friction) to ∼0.2 (lubricating interface) and inhibit COF fluctuation. The inherent mechanism of wax reducing the interface friction works in the following way. Wax can effectively suppress the plowing effect of the rigid micro-convex body on the β-HMX crystal surface and further inhibit the occurrence of brittle fracture and crack defects. The wax layer can also suppress the friction anisotropy of the β-HMX crystal surface, significantly reducing the probability of high COF (>0.4). The distribution probabilities of COF in the range of 0–0.1 and 0–0.3 were 33% and 89%, respectively. The stick-slip effect of the friction behavior was observed under the constant-loading mode, with the COF varying periodically with the sliding distance. These study results can help understand the desensitization mechanisms of wax on the energetic crystal surface at a micro-scale quantitative level and provide a necessary basis for building the friction hot-spot model under dry friction and wax lubrication.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000847β-HMX crystalWax layerMicro friction behaviorLubrication interfaceStick-slip effect |
| spellingShingle | Hong-tao Li Jie Sun He-liang Sui Chuan-guo Chai Bing-hong Li Jia-xin Yu Hong-tu He Ying Yin Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface Energetic Materials Frontiers β-HMX crystal Wax layer Micro friction behavior Lubrication interface Stick-slip effect |
| title | Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface |
| title_full | Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface |
| title_fullStr | Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface |
| title_short | Influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro-friction behavior of the β-HMX crystal surface |
| title_sort | influencing mechanisms of a wax layer on the micro friction behavior of the β hmx crystal surface |
| topic | β-HMX crystal Wax layer Micro friction behavior Lubrication interface Stick-slip effect |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647222000847 |
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