Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization
<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>Solidago altissima</i> L. are native to North America and have naturalized many other continents including Europa and Asia. Their species is an aggressive colonizer and forms thick monospecific stands. The evidence of the allelopathy for &...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3235 |
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| author | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Midori Kato |
| author_facet | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Midori Kato |
| author_sort | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>Solidago altissima</i> L. are native to North America and have naturalized many other continents including Europa and Asia. Their species is an aggressive colonizer and forms thick monospecific stands. The evidence of the allelopathy for <i>S. canadensis</i> and <i>S. altissima</i> has accumulated in the literature since the late 20th century. The root exudates, extracts, essential oil and rhizosphere soil of <i>S. canadensis</i> suppressed the germination, growth and the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of several plants, including native plant species. Allelochemicals such as fatty acids, terpenes, flavonoids, polyphenols and their related compounds were identified in the extracts and essential oil of <i>S. canadensis</i>. The concentrations of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total saponins in the rhizosphere soil of <i>S. canadensis</i> obtained from the invasive ranges were greater than those from the native ranges. Allelochemicals such as terpenes, flavonoids, polyacetylene and phenols were also identified in the extracts, essential oil and the rhizosphere soil in <i>S. altissima.</i> Among the identified allelochemicals of <i>S. altissima,</i> the <i>cis</i>-dehydromatricaria ester may be involved in the allelopathy considering its growth inhibitory activity and its concentration in the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the allelopathy of <i>S. canadensis</i> and <i>S. altissima</i> may support their invasiveness, naturalization and formation of thick monospecific stands. This is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of both of <i>S. canadensis</i> and <i>S. altissima</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:35:28Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:35:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-264d500b223b46dfbbd4709187f8c6162023-11-24T11:54:33ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-11-011123323510.3390/plants11233235Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their NaturalizationHisashi Kato-Noguchi0Midori Kato1Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, JapanDepartment of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan<i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>Solidago altissima</i> L. are native to North America and have naturalized many other continents including Europa and Asia. Their species is an aggressive colonizer and forms thick monospecific stands. The evidence of the allelopathy for <i>S. canadensis</i> and <i>S. altissima</i> has accumulated in the literature since the late 20th century. The root exudates, extracts, essential oil and rhizosphere soil of <i>S. canadensis</i> suppressed the germination, growth and the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of several plants, including native plant species. Allelochemicals such as fatty acids, terpenes, flavonoids, polyphenols and their related compounds were identified in the extracts and essential oil of <i>S. canadensis</i>. The concentrations of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total saponins in the rhizosphere soil of <i>S. canadensis</i> obtained from the invasive ranges were greater than those from the native ranges. Allelochemicals such as terpenes, flavonoids, polyacetylene and phenols were also identified in the extracts, essential oil and the rhizosphere soil in <i>S. altissima.</i> Among the identified allelochemicals of <i>S. altissima,</i> the <i>cis</i>-dehydromatricaria ester may be involved in the allelopathy considering its growth inhibitory activity and its concentration in the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the allelopathy of <i>S. canadensis</i> and <i>S. altissima</i> may support their invasiveness, naturalization and formation of thick monospecific stands. This is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of both of <i>S. canadensis</i> and <i>S. altissima</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3235allelochemicalinvasive speciesmonospecific standmycorrhizal colonization<i>Solidago</i>phytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Midori Kato Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization Plants allelochemical invasive species monospecific stand mycorrhizal colonization <i>Solidago</i> phytotoxicity |
| title | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization |
| title_full | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization |
| title_fullStr | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization |
| title_short | Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of <i>Solidago canadensis</i> L. and <i>S. altissima</i> L. for Their Naturalization |
| title_sort | allelopathy and allelochemicals of i solidago canadensis i l and i s altissima i l for their naturalization |
| topic | allelochemical invasive species monospecific stand mycorrhizal colonization <i>Solidago</i> phytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3235 |
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