Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer accounts for nearly 200,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for nearly 90% of cases of bladder cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in the first-line setting for locally advanced or metastatic UC. More recently, the tr...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5724 |
| _version_ | 1797510922353246208 |
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| author | David J. Benjamin Yung Lyou |
| author_facet | David J. Benjamin Yung Lyou |
| author_sort | David J. Benjamin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bladder cancer accounts for nearly 200,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for nearly 90% of cases of bladder cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in the first-line setting for locally advanced or metastatic UC. More recently, the treatment paradigm in the second-line setting was drastically altered with the approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Given that only a small subset of patients respond to ICI, further studies have been undertaken to understand potential resistance mechanisms to ICI. One potential resistance mechanism that has been identified in the setting of metastatic UC is the TGF-β signaling pathway. Several pre-clinical and ongoing clinical trials in multiple advanced tumor types have evaluated several therapies that target the TGF-β pathway. In addition, there are ongoing and planned clinical trials combining TGF-β inhibition with ICI, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for patients with advanced and metastatic UC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:38:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26625f45f9874fcfa537b6f572bfa57c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:38:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-26625f45f9874fcfa537b6f572bfa57c2023-11-22T22:42:22ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-11-011322572410.3390/cancers13225724Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder CancerDavid J. Benjamin0Yung Lyou1Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USADepartment of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USABladder cancer accounts for nearly 200,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for nearly 90% of cases of bladder cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in the first-line setting for locally advanced or metastatic UC. More recently, the treatment paradigm in the second-line setting was drastically altered with the approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Given that only a small subset of patients respond to ICI, further studies have been undertaken to understand potential resistance mechanisms to ICI. One potential resistance mechanism that has been identified in the setting of metastatic UC is the TGF-β signaling pathway. Several pre-clinical and ongoing clinical trials in multiple advanced tumor types have evaluated several therapies that target the TGF-β pathway. In addition, there are ongoing and planned clinical trials combining TGF-β inhibition with ICI, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for patients with advanced and metastatic UC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5724urothelial carcinomabladder cancerimmunotherapyTGF-β resistance pathway |
| spellingShingle | David J. Benjamin Yung Lyou Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer Cancers urothelial carcinoma bladder cancer immunotherapy TGF-β resistance pathway |
| title | Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer |
| title_full | Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer |
| title_short | Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer |
| title_sort | advances in immunotherapy and the tgf β resistance pathway in metastatic bladder cancer |
| topic | urothelial carcinoma bladder cancer immunotherapy TGF-β resistance pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5724 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT davidjbenjamin advancesinimmunotherapyandthetgfbresistancepathwayinmetastaticbladdercancer AT yunglyou advancesinimmunotherapyandthetgfbresistancepathwayinmetastaticbladdercancer |