Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo
Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production in Egypt as well as many developing countries worldwide. Bovine brucellosis is an economically important disease with reproductive failure as a principal manifestation resulting in abortion, premature birth and decreased m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Veterinary World
2018-06-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/June-2018/3.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819114444468256768 |
|---|---|
| author | H. I. Hosein Hoda Mohamed Zaki Nesreen Mohamed Safwat Ahmed M. S. Menshawy Sherin Rouby Ayman Mahrous Bahaa El-deen Madkour |
| author_facet | H. I. Hosein Hoda Mohamed Zaki Nesreen Mohamed Safwat Ahmed M. S. Menshawy Sherin Rouby Ayman Mahrous Bahaa El-deen Madkour |
| author_sort | H. I. Hosein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production in Egypt as well as many developing countries worldwide. Bovine brucellosis is an economically important disease with reproductive failure as a principal manifestation resulting in abortion, premature birth and decreased milk production in females, and orchitis and epididymitis in males. In spite of the efforts of Egyptian veterinary services to overcome brucellosis, the disease is still prevalent in both animals and humans and represents one of the most important public health hazards in Egypt. The aim of the present work was to investigate the efficacy of the control program implemented by the General Organization of Veterinary Services in Brucella infected buffalo farm on serological, molecular, cultural, and histopathological basis. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was recovered from 6 buffalo-cows.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 750 non-vaccinated lactating buffalo-cows. These animals were proved positive for Brucella by the Egyptian brucellosis national program. Sera were tested using buffered acidified plate antigen test and rose Bengal test as screening tests and complement fixation test as a confirmatory test. Positive animals were separated for slaughtering under the supervision of the Egyptian veterinary authorities. Remaining animals were tested every 3 weeks with slaughtering of positive cases and this continued until the remaining animals revealed three successive negative serological tests. Different lymph nodes (prescapular, prefemoral, mediastinal, retropharyngeal, and supramammary) were collected from 11 Brucella seropositive buffalo-cows slaughtered after being confirmed serologically as Brucella infected cases. Samples were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and nucleic acid detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Parts of these specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h then processed by paraffin embedding technique.
Results: "Test and slaughter" policy was applied on Brucella infected dairy buffalo farm. The program continued for 6 months with slaughtering of positive cases until the herd was proved Brucella free. B. melitensis biovar 3 could be recovered from six buffalo-cows. Universal PCR confirmed Brucella on genus level and Bruce-ladder multiplex, PCR confirmed the presence of B. melitensis on the species level. Histopathological examination of Brucella-infected lymph nodes revealed massive rarified and depleted lymphoid areas of both sub-capsular and deep cortical lymphoid follicles, macrophage cells granulomatous reaction, as well as fat, infiltrates, and chronic vasculitis. The chronic nature of Brucella lesions has been confirmed in this study as indicated by the chronic vasculitis and collagen deposition.
Conclusion: Freedom status from brucellosis in this study required 6 months which are considered long time allowing the spread of infection to other localities especially under unhygienic conditions, husbandry system favoring mixed populations of different ages, sex, aborted and pregnant, and lack of controlled movement of animals. Therefore, effective control of animal brucellosis requires surveillance to identify infected animal herds, elimination of the reservoirs, and vaccination of young heifers. B. melitensis biovar 3 is the cause of the Brucella outbreak in buffalo which still remains the prevalent type of Brucella in Egypt. The disease runs a chronic course allowing further spread of infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:45:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2664405389db4f79b7313a93ba484188 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T04:45:24Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-2664405389db4f79b7313a93ba4841882022-12-21T18:38:37ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162018-06-0111674875710.14202/vetworld.2018.748-757Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffaloH. I. Hosein0Hoda Mohamed Zaki1Nesreen Mohamed Safwat2Ahmed M. S. Menshawy3Sherin Rouby4Ayman Mahrous5Bahaa El-deen Madkour6Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.Department of Brucella Researches, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.General Organization of Veterinary Services, Egypt.Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt.Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production in Egypt as well as many developing countries worldwide. Bovine brucellosis is an economically important disease with reproductive failure as a principal manifestation resulting in abortion, premature birth and decreased milk production in females, and orchitis and epididymitis in males. In spite of the efforts of Egyptian veterinary services to overcome brucellosis, the disease is still prevalent in both animals and humans and represents one of the most important public health hazards in Egypt. The aim of the present work was to investigate the efficacy of the control program implemented by the General Organization of Veterinary Services in Brucella infected buffalo farm on serological, molecular, cultural, and histopathological basis. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 was recovered from 6 buffalo-cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 750 non-vaccinated lactating buffalo-cows. These animals were proved positive for Brucella by the Egyptian brucellosis national program. Sera were tested using buffered acidified plate antigen test and rose Bengal test as screening tests and complement fixation test as a confirmatory test. Positive animals were separated for slaughtering under the supervision of the Egyptian veterinary authorities. Remaining animals were tested every 3 weeks with slaughtering of positive cases and this continued until the remaining animals revealed three successive negative serological tests. Different lymph nodes (prescapular, prefemoral, mediastinal, retropharyngeal, and supramammary) were collected from 11 Brucella seropositive buffalo-cows slaughtered after being confirmed serologically as Brucella infected cases. Samples were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and nucleic acid detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Parts of these specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h then processed by paraffin embedding technique. Results: "Test and slaughter" policy was applied on Brucella infected dairy buffalo farm. The program continued for 6 months with slaughtering of positive cases until the herd was proved Brucella free. B. melitensis biovar 3 could be recovered from six buffalo-cows. Universal PCR confirmed Brucella on genus level and Bruce-ladder multiplex, PCR confirmed the presence of B. melitensis on the species level. Histopathological examination of Brucella-infected lymph nodes revealed massive rarified and depleted lymphoid areas of both sub-capsular and deep cortical lymphoid follicles, macrophage cells granulomatous reaction, as well as fat, infiltrates, and chronic vasculitis. The chronic nature of Brucella lesions has been confirmed in this study as indicated by the chronic vasculitis and collagen deposition. Conclusion: Freedom status from brucellosis in this study required 6 months which are considered long time allowing the spread of infection to other localities especially under unhygienic conditions, husbandry system favoring mixed populations of different ages, sex, aborted and pregnant, and lack of controlled movement of animals. Therefore, effective control of animal brucellosis requires surveillance to identify infected animal herds, elimination of the reservoirs, and vaccination of young heifers. B. melitensis biovar 3 is the cause of the Brucella outbreak in buffalo which still remains the prevalent type of Brucella in Egypt. The disease runs a chronic course allowing further spread of infection.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/June-2018/3.pdfbruce-ladderbrucellosisbuffalohistopathologypolymerase chain reaction |
| spellingShingle | H. I. Hosein Hoda Mohamed Zaki Nesreen Mohamed Safwat Ahmed M. S. Menshawy Sherin Rouby Ayman Mahrous Bahaa El-deen Madkour Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo Veterinary World bruce-ladder brucellosis buffalo histopathology polymerase chain reaction |
| title | Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo |
| title_full | Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo |
| title_short | Evaluation of the General Organization of Veterinary Services control program of animal brucellosis in Egypt: An outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo |
| title_sort | evaluation of the general organization of veterinary services control program of animal brucellosis in egypt an outbreak investigation of brucellosis in buffalo |
| topic | bruce-ladder brucellosis buffalo histopathology polymerase chain reaction |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/June-2018/3.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hihosein evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo AT hodamohamedzaki evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo AT nesreenmohamedsafwat evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo AT ahmedmsmenshawy evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo AT sherinrouby evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo AT aymanmahrous evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo AT bahaaeldeenmadkour evaluationofthegeneralorganizationofveterinaryservicescontrolprogramofanimalbrucellosisinegyptanoutbreakinvestigationofbrucellosisinbuffalo |