The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae
In palaeognathous birds, several PCR-based methods and a range of genes and unknown genomic regions have been studied for the determination of sex. Many of these methods have proven to be unreliable, complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Even the most widely used PCR markers for sex typing in bird...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/3/507 |
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| author | Aleksandra Kroczak Heliodor Wierzbicki Adam Dawid Urantówka |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Kroczak Heliodor Wierzbicki Adam Dawid Urantówka |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Kroczak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In palaeognathous birds, several PCR-based methods and a range of genes and unknown genomic regions have been studied for the determination of sex. Many of these methods have proven to be unreliable, complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Even the most widely used PCR markers for sex typing in birds, the selected introns of the highly conserved <i>CHD1</i> gene (primers P2/P8, 1237L/1272H, and 2550F/2718R), have rarely been effective in palaeognathous birds. In this study we used eight species of Palaeognathae to test three PCR markers: CHD1i9 (<i>CHD1</i> gene intron 9) and NIPBLi16 (<i>NIPBL</i> gene intron 16) that performed properly as Psittaciformes sex differentiation markers, but have not yet been tested in Palaeognathae, as well as the CHD1iA intron (<i>CHD1</i> gene intron 16), which so far has not been used effectively to sex palaeognathous birds. The results of our research indicate that the CHD1i9 marker effectively differentiates sex in four of the eight species we studied. In <i>Rhea americana</i>, <i>Eudromia elegans</i>, and <i>Tinamus solitarius</i>, the electrophoretic patterns of the amplicons obtained clearly indicate the sex of tested individuals, whereas in <i>Crypturellus tataupa</i>, sexing is possible based on poorly visible female specific bands. Additionally, we present and discuss the results of our in silico investigation on the applicability of CHD1i9 to sex other Palaeognathae that were not tested in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:47:03Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:47:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-266c548454134b5c9fdd04f4e0aef7f62023-11-24T01:19:18ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-03-0113350710.3390/genes13030507The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of PalaeognathaeAleksandra Kroczak0Heliodor Wierzbicki1Adam Dawid Urantówka2Department of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Genetics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 7, 51-631 Wrocław, PolandIn palaeognathous birds, several PCR-based methods and a range of genes and unknown genomic regions have been studied for the determination of sex. Many of these methods have proven to be unreliable, complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Even the most widely used PCR markers for sex typing in birds, the selected introns of the highly conserved <i>CHD1</i> gene (primers P2/P8, 1237L/1272H, and 2550F/2718R), have rarely been effective in palaeognathous birds. In this study we used eight species of Palaeognathae to test three PCR markers: CHD1i9 (<i>CHD1</i> gene intron 9) and NIPBLi16 (<i>NIPBL</i> gene intron 16) that performed properly as Psittaciformes sex differentiation markers, but have not yet been tested in Palaeognathae, as well as the CHD1iA intron (<i>CHD1</i> gene intron 16), which so far has not been used effectively to sex palaeognathous birds. The results of our research indicate that the CHD1i9 marker effectively differentiates sex in four of the eight species we studied. In <i>Rhea americana</i>, <i>Eudromia elegans</i>, and <i>Tinamus solitarius</i>, the electrophoretic patterns of the amplicons obtained clearly indicate the sex of tested individuals, whereas in <i>Crypturellus tataupa</i>, sexing is possible based on poorly visible female specific bands. Additionally, we present and discuss the results of our in silico investigation on the applicability of CHD1i9 to sex other Palaeognathae that were not tested in this study.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/3/507avian sex chromosomes<i>CHD1</i> genemolecular markersPalaeognathaesex typing |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Kroczak Heliodor Wierzbicki Adam Dawid Urantówka The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae Genes avian sex chromosomes <i>CHD1</i> gene molecular markers Palaeognathae sex typing |
| title | The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae |
| title_full | The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae |
| title_fullStr | The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae |
| title_short | The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian <i>CHD1</i> Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae |
| title_sort | length polymorphism of the 9th intron in the avian i chd1 i gene allows sex determination in some species of palaeognathae |
| topic | avian sex chromosomes <i>CHD1</i> gene molecular markers Palaeognathae sex typing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/3/507 |
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