Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study
IntroductionMood and anxiety disorders are characterized by abnormal levels of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and changes in how emotions unfold over time. To better prevent and treat those disorders, it is crucial to determine which kind of indices of emotion dynamics best predict eleva...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371115/full |
| _version_ | 1797196012467519488 |
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| author | Hedvig Sultson Carolina Murd Merle Havik Kenn Konstabel Kenn Konstabel |
| author_facet | Hedvig Sultson Carolina Murd Merle Havik Kenn Konstabel Kenn Konstabel |
| author_sort | Hedvig Sultson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionMood and anxiety disorders are characterized by abnormal levels of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and changes in how emotions unfold over time. To better prevent and treat those disorders, it is crucial to determine which kind of indices of emotion dynamics best predict elevated depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms.Methods221 individuals (60 men; mean age = 46 years, SD = 15 years) completed a 7-day ecological momentary assessment study, where their positive and negative affective experience was assessed 5 times a day. For each participant, the intensity, instability, inertia, and differentiation of PA and NA were calculated. The Estonian Emotional State Questionnaire was used to assess depressive and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms.ResultsWe found that NA and PA intensity, and NA instability predicted elevated depressive and GAD symptoms. Models including NA instability alongside PA and NA intensity showed the best fit for both depression and generalized anxiety, as NA instability alongside other variables significantly increased the odds of having elevated depressive and GAD symptoms. Affective inertia, differentiation, and PA instability were not associated with depressive and GAD symptoms.DiscussionIn addition to the mean levels of affect, it is important to study other emotion dynamic indices such as NA instability, as these offer a more nuanced view of underlying emotion dysregulation processes. This could, in the long-term, help tailor more specific prevention and intervention methods for mood and anxiety disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:21:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-266c78c18319480f81dac01717bb3e73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:21:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-266c78c18319480f81dac01717bb3e732024-04-23T04:49:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782024-04-011510.3389/fpsyg.2024.13711151371115Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment studyHedvig Sultson0Carolina Murd1Merle Havik2Kenn Konstabel3Kenn Konstabel4Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, EstoniaInstitute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaIntroductionMood and anxiety disorders are characterized by abnormal levels of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and changes in how emotions unfold over time. To better prevent and treat those disorders, it is crucial to determine which kind of indices of emotion dynamics best predict elevated depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms.Methods221 individuals (60 men; mean age = 46 years, SD = 15 years) completed a 7-day ecological momentary assessment study, where their positive and negative affective experience was assessed 5 times a day. For each participant, the intensity, instability, inertia, and differentiation of PA and NA were calculated. The Estonian Emotional State Questionnaire was used to assess depressive and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms.ResultsWe found that NA and PA intensity, and NA instability predicted elevated depressive and GAD symptoms. Models including NA instability alongside PA and NA intensity showed the best fit for both depression and generalized anxiety, as NA instability alongside other variables significantly increased the odds of having elevated depressive and GAD symptoms. Affective inertia, differentiation, and PA instability were not associated with depressive and GAD symptoms.DiscussionIn addition to the mean levels of affect, it is important to study other emotion dynamic indices such as NA instability, as these offer a more nuanced view of underlying emotion dysregulation processes. This could, in the long-term, help tailor more specific prevention and intervention methods for mood and anxiety disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371115/fullgeneralized anxiety disorderemotion dynamicsecological momentary assessmentdepressionaffective instability |
| spellingShingle | Hedvig Sultson Carolina Murd Merle Havik Kenn Konstabel Kenn Konstabel Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study Frontiers in Psychology generalized anxiety disorder emotion dynamics ecological momentary assessment depression affective instability |
| title | Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study |
| title_full | Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study |
| title_fullStr | Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study |
| title_short | Negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for: an ecological momentary assessment study |
| title_sort | negative affect instability predicts elevated depressive and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms even when negative affect intensity is controlled for an ecological momentary assessment study |
| topic | generalized anxiety disorder emotion dynamics ecological momentary assessment depression affective instability |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371115/full |
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