MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review
BackgroundThe glymphatic system has been described as one that facilitates the exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, and many recent studies have demonstrated glymphatic flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to systematically review the studies demon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.827398/full |
| _version_ | 1817986875323842560 |
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| author | Min Kyoung Lee Se Jin Cho Yun Jung Bae Jong-Min Kim |
| author_facet | Min Kyoung Lee Se Jin Cho Yun Jung Bae Jong-Min Kim |
| author_sort | Min Kyoung Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe glymphatic system has been described as one that facilitates the exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, and many recent studies have demonstrated glymphatic flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to systematically review the studies demonstrating a normal glymphatic flow in a human population using MRI and to propose a detailed glymphatic imaging protocol.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies with human participants involving MRI-based demonstrations of the normal glymphatic flow. We extracted data on the imaging sequence, imaging protocol, and the targeted anatomical structures on each study.ResultsAccording to contrast-enhanced MRI studies, peak enhancement was sequentially detected first in the CSF space, followed by the brain parenchyma, the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV), and, finally, the cervical lymph nodes, corresponding with glymphatic flow and explaining the drainage into the MLV. Non-contrast flow-sensitive MRI studies revealed similar glymphatic inflow from the CSF space to the brain parenchyma and efflux of exchanged fluid from the brain parenchyma to the MLV.ConclusionWe may recommend T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI for visualizing glymphatic flow. Our result can increase understanding of the glymphatic system and may lay the groundwork for establishing central nervous system fluid dynamic theories and developing standardized imaging protocols. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:14:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-266e1684826a4933b6b34faa42119cc4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:14:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-266e1684826a4933b6b34faa42119cc42022-12-22T02:23:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952022-05-011310.3389/fneur.2022.827398827398MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic ReviewMin Kyoung Lee0Se Jin Cho1Yun Jung Bae2Jong-Min Kim3Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Soeul, South KoreaDepartment of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South KoreaDepartment of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South KoreaDepartment of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South KoreaBackgroundThe glymphatic system has been described as one that facilitates the exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, and many recent studies have demonstrated glymphatic flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to systematically review the studies demonstrating a normal glymphatic flow in a human population using MRI and to propose a detailed glymphatic imaging protocol.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies with human participants involving MRI-based demonstrations of the normal glymphatic flow. We extracted data on the imaging sequence, imaging protocol, and the targeted anatomical structures on each study.ResultsAccording to contrast-enhanced MRI studies, peak enhancement was sequentially detected first in the CSF space, followed by the brain parenchyma, the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV), and, finally, the cervical lymph nodes, corresponding with glymphatic flow and explaining the drainage into the MLV. Non-contrast flow-sensitive MRI studies revealed similar glymphatic inflow from the CSF space to the brain parenchyma and efflux of exchanged fluid from the brain parenchyma to the MLV.ConclusionWe may recommend T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI for visualizing glymphatic flow. Our result can increase understanding of the glymphatic system and may lay the groundwork for establishing central nervous system fluid dynamic theories and developing standardized imaging protocols.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.827398/fullglymphatic systemMRICSFsystematic reviewhuman population |
| spellingShingle | Min Kyoung Lee Se Jin Cho Yun Jung Bae Jong-Min Kim MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review Frontiers in Neurology glymphatic system MRI CSF systematic review human population |
| title | MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | mri based demonstration of the normal glymphatic system in a human population a systematic review |
| topic | glymphatic system MRI CSF systematic review human population |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.827398/full |
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