Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes
Abstract Introduction Since sex-specific accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) during high-intensity swimming remains unstudied, this study aimed to assess AOD during 50, 100, and 200 m front-crawl performances to compare the responses between sexes and analyse the effect of lean body mass (LBM). Methods...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Sports Medicine - Open |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00594-4 |
| _version_ | 1797789756904439808 |
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| author | Danilo Alexandre Massini Tiago André Freire Almeida Anderson Geremias Macedo Mário Cunha Espada Joana Francisca Reis Francisco José Bessone Alves Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho |
| author_facet | Danilo Alexandre Massini Tiago André Freire Almeida Anderson Geremias Macedo Mário Cunha Espada Joana Francisca Reis Francisco José Bessone Alves Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho |
| author_sort | Danilo Alexandre Massini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Since sex-specific accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) during high-intensity swimming remains unstudied, this study aimed to assess AOD during 50, 100, and 200 m front-crawl performances to compare the responses between sexes and analyse the effect of lean body mass (LBM). Methods Twenty swimmers (16.2 ± 2.8 years, 61.6 ± 7.8 kg, and 48.8 ± 11.2 kg LBM—50% males) performed 50, 100, and 200 m to determine accumulated oxygen uptake (V̇O2Ac). The swimmers also performed an incremental test from which five submaximal steps were selected to estimate the oxygen demand (V̇O2demand) from the V̇O2 versus velocity adjustment. V̇O2 was sampled using a gas analyser coupled with a respiratory snorkel. AOD was the difference between V̇O2demand and V̇O2Ac, and LBM (i.e. lean mass not including bone mineral content) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results A two-way ANOVA evidenced an AOD increase with distance for both sexes: 19.7 ± 2.5 versus 24.9 ± 5.5, 29.8 ± 8.0 versus 36.5 ± 5.8, and 41.5 ± 9.4 versus 5.2 ± 11.9 ml × kg−1, respectively, for 50, 100, and 200 m (with highest values for females, P < 0.01). Inverse correlations were observed between LBM and AOD for 50, 100, and 200 m (r = − 0.60, − 0.38 and − 0.49, P < 0.05). AOD values at 10 and 30 s elapsed times in each trial decreased with distance for both sexes, with values differing when female swimmers were compared to males in the 200 m trial (at 10 s: 2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6; and at 30 s: 7.9 ± 1.7 vs. 10.0 ± 1.8 ml × kg−1, P < 0.05). Conclusion LBM differences between sexes influenced AOD values during each trial, suggesting that reduced muscle mass in female swimmers plays a role on the higher AOD (i.e. anaerobic energy) demand than males while performing supramaximal trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:55:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-267bd4886546418c936293e830883fa6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:55:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
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| series | Sports Medicine - Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-267bd4886546418c936293e830883fa62023-07-02T11:17:01ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612023-06-019111010.1186/s40798-023-00594-4Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth AthletesDanilo Alexandre Massini0Tiago André Freire Almeida1Anderson Geremias Macedo2Mário Cunha Espada3Joana Francisca Reis4Francisco José Bessone Alves5Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes6Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho7Postgraduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, São Paulo State University (UNESP)Department of Physical Education, School of Science (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP)Postgraduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, São Paulo State University (UNESP)Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de SetúbalCIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de LisboaCIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de LisboaCentre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of PortoPostgraduate Programme in Human Development and Technologies, São Paulo State University (UNESP)Abstract Introduction Since sex-specific accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) during high-intensity swimming remains unstudied, this study aimed to assess AOD during 50, 100, and 200 m front-crawl performances to compare the responses between sexes and analyse the effect of lean body mass (LBM). Methods Twenty swimmers (16.2 ± 2.8 years, 61.6 ± 7.8 kg, and 48.8 ± 11.2 kg LBM—50% males) performed 50, 100, and 200 m to determine accumulated oxygen uptake (V̇O2Ac). The swimmers also performed an incremental test from which five submaximal steps were selected to estimate the oxygen demand (V̇O2demand) from the V̇O2 versus velocity adjustment. V̇O2 was sampled using a gas analyser coupled with a respiratory snorkel. AOD was the difference between V̇O2demand and V̇O2Ac, and LBM (i.e. lean mass not including bone mineral content) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results A two-way ANOVA evidenced an AOD increase with distance for both sexes: 19.7 ± 2.5 versus 24.9 ± 5.5, 29.8 ± 8.0 versus 36.5 ± 5.8, and 41.5 ± 9.4 versus 5.2 ± 11.9 ml × kg−1, respectively, for 50, 100, and 200 m (with highest values for females, P < 0.01). Inverse correlations were observed between LBM and AOD for 50, 100, and 200 m (r = − 0.60, − 0.38 and − 0.49, P < 0.05). AOD values at 10 and 30 s elapsed times in each trial decreased with distance for both sexes, with values differing when female swimmers were compared to males in the 200 m trial (at 10 s: 2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6; and at 30 s: 7.9 ± 1.7 vs. 10.0 ± 1.8 ml × kg−1, P < 0.05). Conclusion LBM differences between sexes influenced AOD values during each trial, suggesting that reduced muscle mass in female swimmers plays a role on the higher AOD (i.e. anaerobic energy) demand than males while performing supramaximal trials.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00594-4Pulmonary oxygen uptakeOxygen deficitLean body massSwimming performanceSex |
| spellingShingle | Danilo Alexandre Massini Tiago André Freire Almeida Anderson Geremias Macedo Mário Cunha Espada Joana Francisca Reis Francisco José Bessone Alves Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes Dalton Müller Pessôa Filho Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes Sports Medicine - Open Pulmonary oxygen uptake Oxygen deficit Lean body mass Swimming performance Sex |
| title | Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes |
| title_full | Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes |
| title_short | Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short- and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance in Competitive Youth Athletes |
| title_sort | sex specific accumulated oxygen deficit during short and middle distance swimming performance in competitive youth athletes |
| topic | Pulmonary oxygen uptake Oxygen deficit Lean body mass Swimming performance Sex |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00594-4 |
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